Alien and Sedition Power: The Story of an Immigrant :: essays research papers

In the beginning, of our country, it was the Federalist Party with supreme power. In 1796, John Adams, a federalist, was electric chair and the majority of coitus was made up of federalists. John Adams was a very strong leader. He believed in federalist actions very much. He helped bring federalists to their current position. They were supreme, the law of the land. There was completely meager opposition the Democratic-Republican Party (DRP). This new party was led by Virginians Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Jefferson, at the time, was Vice-President but that is till an inferior position to Adams. The DRP believed in power to the people while the Federalists thought that a strong national government was needed to help our country. But both side agreed on one thing, America was a free land. It was a place for people of all kinds to live. This was an ideal home for freedom seeking immigrants, especially the French.Hey Gabriel, the boat is docking fee We must be ready to get o ff when it reaches the pier. I yelled into the steerage cabin. Were finally in AmericaHi, my name is Jacque Savoie. Im a Frenchman. My wife and I argon going to start a new life here in the United States of America. We are searching for a land where we can be free, away from the tyrant king of France. In this land we will be granted the right to vote and to even foot race for a position in government Our voyage across the Atlantic Ocean was long, tiring, and really bad too but I think that it was price it. Our boat has landed in Raleigh, Virginia in the month of June and from here we will start our journey. The summer weather is in our favor. I heard that a big cat named Thomas Jefferson is a man who can help us get our citizenship and that he also approves of a people run government. He is the Vice President but some say he used to be a commoner, form right here in Virginia. Anyway, tomorrow my wife and I are going to the Town Hall to legalize our citizen ship. I am going to beco me a citizenI arrived at the Raleigh Town Hall yesterday at approximately 400 p.m. My wife and I approached the front office, with all of our paperwork filled out, and asked for our citizenship. The man looked up and laughed.

God Chosen Essay -- essays research papers

matinee idols chosen examples. When God calls you must answer, my Baptist preacher bellows from his pulpit. Everyone has a purpose on this earth, but God has chosen a special few to help him carry out his divine plan, he continues. Countless sunlight mornings I spent listening to my pastor preaching about mans encounters with God. He explains the significance of the encounters to the people of antiquity and he even relates the encounters to our every day lives. If one has met with God and seen His glory he is truly blessed. My pastor is correct no man has walked a office from an encounter with God without being blessed, or the experience altering his life. Each divine experience occurs under very different circumstances, but all of them end with man having a better intelligence of his purpose on this earth. The character could wrestle with the Lord and demand a blessing, like Jacob, or like Moses he could have been drawn to God by his own curiosity. The Lord came to Elijah when h e was at the lowest point of his life and he wanted nothing more than to die, and He blessed him. Isaiah volunteered to help God to teach to the people of Israel, and the Lord blessed Isaiah for his enthusiasm. production lines encounter with God is a combination of each of the above experiences. His experience exemplifies the individual kinship with God. The encounters with God may appear to be similar and indeed they do have common elements, but there is an important difference in the way God selects each character to fulfill his mission. In the early encounters, God selects the individuals. He calls and they answer. Towards the end the accounts however, the characters go in search for Gods blessing, unconnected their early counterparts they demand or challenge God and their enthusiasm is rewarded. The different episodes show the gradual change between God and humanity. Throughout the accounts in the rule book God has loses favor with man, and this loss of favor is due chiefly to mans failure to obey Gods laws. Gods woof of His chosen people reflects clearly Gods love for the early patriarchs. God did love the later characters, but towards the end of the accounts God loses a terrific amount of faith in humanity. Nonetheless the God does bless all whom He encounters, and His presence to each character help... ...ion of how an individual could find favor in God. The answer was even if one has nothing and can not stand on your own have faith in God and He result prevail. Jobs story gave individuals hope, because even if God was angry with the group one might be saved if he lived right and had faith. The story summed up the tenacious attitude of Jacob, the curiosity of Moses, the downtrodden sprit of Elijah and the humility of Isaiah. The story of Job was an every man story, because it combined tenants, which all men could relate to their lives. God blesses all everyone who recognizes and accepts His power. From Jobs story humanity is given guidelines to follow in order to be blessed by God. Jacob and Moses stories demonstrate Gods earlier shoes on the condition of humanity, and later characters stories depict how the relationship disappears over time. After the story of Isaiah, man feels abandoned and all hope seems lost. However, the vaticination of the Messiah by of Isaiah and Job rejuvenates the hope of continuity for humanity. A promise, which was given to man a long time ago, but due to his disobedience over time man, has lost the essential tenants to uphold his end of the bargain.

Treaty Of Versailles is Justified Essays -- World War I 1 WWI WW1

Treaty of Versailles World War I was ultimately ended in 1918 after struggled the Treaty of Versailles was signed. Peace settlements were signed on June 28, 1918 at the H every(prenominal) of Mirror in Versailles, Paris. The Treaty was an agreement among the United States, Great Britain, and France. Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, and David Lloyd, who represented the Big one-third countries, collaborated in negotiating the Treaty. The Treaty of Versailles was designed to weaken Germany and give Germany full blame for causing the war. The Treaty implemented massive reparations to Germany which would obliterate Germanys economy, notwithstanding the millions of dead assort soldiers. The settlement strictly limited the Germans military. Germans were additionally forced to depart from their homes in Russia, Poland, and Alsace-Lorraine and return to Germany or Austria. Furthermore Germany had to give back any land be to other countries. With no alternative, Germany signed the p eace settlements. The Treaty of Versailles was undoubtedly justified, Germany was positively the main instigator of the war and its excessive brutality of fighting provoked the war more particularly. Thus, making the amends to Germany was rational because of all the destruction Germany had triggered. The Treaty of Versailles was fair to Germany because, the primary starter of the war was Germany. Several factors ?conflicts with Serbia- Germany declared wars-invasion of Belgium-Germanys attacking plans, all led to the justification of T of V which proved it was fair. Following the assassination of Archduke Francis, of Austria-Hungry. Germany gave Austria a ?blank check in other terms, an assurance of support no matter the costs. This simple action ties to one factor ... ...the provisions weren?t harsh enough.? Yet some might argue that, ? ..severe as the treaty seemed to be it should be remembered that Germany might easily have forced much more worse, if Clemenceau?s had his way. ? However through all the excessive damaged Germans have caused end-to-end the WWI, to treaty is justifiable. Indisputably the Treaty of Versailles is justified through all the motives that Germany had. The treaty provisions all tie to the start of the new war, World War II. The treaty helped bring out a cruel regime in Germany and eventually the start of the Nazi party. One fascist leader Adolph Hitler , portrayed such regime. He didn?t insufficiency to accept any of the revisions and started to fortify Germany, and went against some T of V provisions, he sent troops to into the Rhineland. Short time after Hitler invaded Poland, which eventually started WWII.

Philosophy’s Prejudice Towards Religion Essay -- Philosophy Philosophi

Philosophys Prejudice Towards ReligionABSTRACT Religion acquired a bad press in philosophical contemporaneousness after a rivalry developed between philosophy and theology, originating in philosophys adopting the role of our cultures superjudge in all of worship and knowledge, and in faiths coming to be seen as feeling, that is, as assent to propositional content. Religion, no longer trust in the face of mystery, became a belief system. Reason as judge of propositional belief set up religions decline. But spirituality is on the rise, and favors trust over reason. Philosophy could urinate quadrangle for the spiritual by acknowledging a difference between belief as propositional assent and religious faith as trust, a distinction lost with the mixing of Greek philosophy and Christian faith. Artistic or religious truth disappeared as authentic puddles of knowing. But Michael Polanyi reintroduced knowledge as more than deal be thought. Also postmodern and feminist thought urge us to abandon autonomous reason as sole limit to knowledge. We have space again for philosophy to look at openness to the spiritual. If spirituality confronts us with the mystery of the existential boundary conditions, religion may be a form of relating to the mystery that confronts us from beyond the bounds of reason. That mystery demands our attention if we are to be fully in touch with perennial issues of human meaning. At least(prenominal) philosophically speaking, religion has acquired a bad press in modernity. It may be explicitly rejected, simply not be talked about, or perhaps be discussed as an area of investigation. But religious adherents who explicitly involve their religion in doing philosophy are both rare and seldom respected. Much of this goes covering fire to a history o... ...es. Grand Rapids, Mich., Eerdmans and Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1989. In the series Currents of Encounter.(3) See the earlier mentioned works by Neusner/Chilton and Cantwell Smith.(4) Hans Georg Gad amer and Thomas Kuhn also contributed to the decline of identifying knowledge with only professedly (propositional) belief, with assent to rational understanding. Barry Allen has recently taken up this theme in various articles. See for example The Ambition of favourable position, forthcoming in Religion without Transcendence? edited by D. Z. Phillips, London, McMillen, Claremont Studies in Religion Forbidden Knowledge, in The Monist, April 1996, 79,2, pp. 294-310 and What was Epistemology? in Rorty and his Critics, edited by Robert Brandon, London, Blackwell, 1997.(5) In the Ten Commandments sin spreads its effects for three generations, age love endures for thousands.

The Cell Phone Invention :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Cell Phone InventionWe constitute all seen and used cellular phone phones. However we have probably taken the applied science for granted. The cellular telephone has evolved and improved a lot over the years. Before we get into the history let us archetypal get the definition for cellular. Its called cellular because the system uses many base ranges to divide a service area into multiple cells (1). Each base station consists of a tower and at the base is the equipment to send and receive signals. Now that it cleared up we will look back into the history. To find the first cell phone in history we look back to 1928. In 1928 the Detroit Michigan Police Department made the earliest significant use Mobile radio set in a vehicle in the United States. The system operated at a frequency close to 2 MHz. The channels soon became overcrowded (3). This seems like a small and weak signal but at the time it was evolutionary. Nothing like this had ever been done before. It also seems lik e a crude order but it was just the beginning.The police, different companies, and public agencies were the only ones that got to use the mobile technology, but in 1945 the technology was made for public use. The mobile equipment was not civilise enough to prevent interference (3). The concept of using small cells wasnt looked at until 1947. Research found that this would increase the traffic capacity of mobile phones, however the technology didnt exist at that time (1). Also in 1947 AT&T tried to get the FCC to put aside a large band of radio-spectrum frequencies so that widespread mobile telephone service would become feasible (1). The FCC didnt like the idea and didnt back the technology at the time and limited the amount of frequencies. 21 years later, in 1968, the FCC reconsidered AT&Ts offer. They stated that, if the technology to build a better mobile service works, we will increase the frequency allocation, freeing the airwaves for more than mobile phones (1). This is wh en AT&T and Bell Labs proposed the first idea of cells. There would be many low frequency towers and calls would be passed from tower to tower as phones traveled across the area. Until this time, we have to realize that cell phone research was not a major or popular area. It was probably seen as a worthless study that wouldnt amount to much if anything.

The Cell Phone Invention :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Cell Phone InventionWe countenance all seen and used electric cell phones. However we have probably taken the engineering for granted. The cellular telephone has evolved and improved a lot over the years. Before we get into the history let us foremost get the definition for cellular. Its called cellular because the system uses many base commits to divide a service area into multiple cells (1). Each base station consists of a tower and at the base is the equipment to send and receive signals. Now that it cleared up we will look back into the history. To find the first cell phone in history we look back to 1928. In 1928 the Detroit Michigan Police Department made the earliest significant use Mobile radio in a vehicle in the United States. The system operated at a frequency close to 2 MHz. The channels soon became overcrowded (3). This seems like a small and weak signal but at the time it was evolutionary. Nothing like this had ever been done before. It also seems like a crude mode but it was just the beginning.The police, different companies, and public agencies were the only ones that got to use the mobile technology, but in 1945 the technology was made for public use. The mobile equipment was not in advance(p) enough to prevent interference (3). The concept of using small cells wasnt looked at until 1947. Research found that this would increase the traffic capacity of mobile phones, however the technology didnt exist at that time (1). Also in 1947 AT&T tried to get the FCC to put aside a large band of radio-spectrum frequencies so that widespread mobile telephone service would become feasible (1). The FCC didnt like the idea and didnt back the technology at the time and limited the amount of frequencies. 21 years later, in 1968, the FCC reconsidered AT&Ts offer. They stated that, if the technology to build a better mobile service works, we will increase the frequency allocation, freeing the airwaves for more than mobile phones (1). This is when AT&T and Bell Labs proposed the first idea of cells. There would be many low frequency towers and calls would be passed from tower to tower as phones traveled across the area. Until this time, we have to realize that cell phone research was not a major or popular area. It was probably seen as a worthless study that wouldnt amount to much if anything.

Improve my writing skills

Most famous music odiums of all the time The Gloomy sunlight Curse Gloomy sunshine was a song written by Roses Serves, a Hungarian composer . The break-up with his girlfriend in 1933 left him such depression that he wrote this obsessive sorrowful melody. A few months after Gloomy Sundays coming-out, a record label agreed to buy the dead song and published it in many big cites in the world.However, Serves turned out to be a very unlucky man. Weeks after the publishable of Gloomy Sunday, there was many scary strange stories around it. In Berlin, a man complained to his friends that he was really obsessed by Its disconsolate melody and lyric. He was soon diagnosed with autism and then ended his life with a gun. however about one or two days later, again in Berlin, the police found a girl hanging herself in her own dwell and surprisingly, there was a piece of the songs lyrics on her bed .In the same year, hundreds of cases homogeneous that happened in Hungary, France and America, t hen spreader to the whole world. In many nations, Gloomy Sunday was even banned but the more it was banned, the more popular it became. In January 1968, Serves withal committed suicide . It sounds disgusting and unbelievable, right? I must get hold of that the melody is very scaring but then nothing happened to me. Im still alive and Im standing here, talking with you. Researchers showed that music can have an extraordinary impact on humans behavior.At that time, America and the Europe was in such a hard period that the economic crisis, unemployment and war increasing had a strong effect on peoples spirit, pushed them Into a state of pessimism and depression In life. In conclusion, Gloomy Sunday used to be regarded as the last straw that broke the camels back, but finally, theres o curse or no secret around this song. Now, we can freely enjoy it. The Buddy Hold Curse February 3, 1 959 Is commonly referred to as The Day The medication Died, because on that day, one of the rockers who had pooled in the trend of rock and roll , died In a plane crush during The Winter Dance Party tour.It also is know as the start of the Buddy Holly Curse, as many musicians and people involved in Holly and his music have also met untimely deaths. For example, Ronnie Smith, the vocalist who was employ to replace Holly on the tour. Became a spectrally patient after the last performance, ND a few years later suicide. Then, David Box, a member of Hollys band, also act to start a solo career, but like Holly he died in a plane crash at the exact same age of 22. later on Hollys death, his wife miscarried their only child.From there, the curse spread to Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran, who both were very close to Holly. Another unlucky man who reportedly went out to see the lead about this rocker, The Buddy Holly Story on September 7, died exact on Hollys birthday The Robert Johnson Curse Have you ever heard about Robert Johnson? He is known for his curse almost as 1 OFF Mississippi Delta blues style . The story of the curse is that Johnson met a large black man ( the Devil) at a crossroads on the outskirts of some unknown town, at midnight .It was at that crossroad where he exchanged his soul for the Devil to become a prominent blues performer. Of course , it was only a rumor until people gradually believed the curse when Robert Johnson died at his 27, also at a crossroad Moreover, many artists like Lanyard Snyder and The Allan Brothers died after covering Roberts famous song the Crossroad. Some said the situation could have been a coincidence, but for entries, no one could condone why so many people who involved Robert Johnson died at the same years.The Flowerpot Mac band Curse There have been stories of many goddamned bands,however, the most famous of the cursed bands would have to be Flowerpot Mac, whose album Rumors sold over 19 million albums in the US. Flowerpot Mac was in truth founded by Peter Green, who took too much acid in 1970, left the band, and was committed to a mental hospital. Then, slide guitarist Jerry Spencer took too much drug in 1971 and Joined a sex cult ( gig phi) 2 years later on a tour, then-guitarist Danny had strange gestures like peeping beating his tip against the wall and unconsciously making fun of the band to the audience.It was so sad that later he became a criminal and ended up dying homeless. Do you see a pattern here? More recently, the guitarist Bob Weston died of an aneurysm( etc Eng much) in 2012, and in the same year the second guitarist Bob welch killed himself because of clinical depression.

The Reasons And Effects Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

One of the most define issue of our epoch is tellurian mood vicissitude. It is the biggest menace to the hereafter of life on mankind. Rising rigorous temperature, high tide floors, ocean salt and sourness ( pH ) , air current forms and extent conditions events including drouths, heavy precipitation, heat moving ridges and the strength of tropical cyclones same hurricanes and typhoons are some utmost conditions events as a consequence of mood change. So, clime transmutation confronts mankindity arguably with the most serious challenge that it has of all time faced. The much it is studied it shows that there are some elements of this serious menace. These elements need to be understood to cut down these alterations and do things slower as the concluding result leave be Catastrophe due to these alterations.2. What Is Climate?Climate is the broad term prevalent conditions conditions of an country. The general or mean upwind conditions of a certain part including temperatur e, rainfall, and air current is called clime.3. What is Climate alteration?Climate alteration is a long term alteration in the statistical distribution of conditions forms over periods of that scope from decennaries to 1000000s of old ages. The alteration whitethorn be in the mean conditions conditions or a alteration in the distribution of conditions events with regard with an norm. These alterations may be check to a specific part or may snuff it universe broad. The definition of clime alteration given in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is considered best as it is A alteration of clime which is attributed straight or indirectly to human activity that alters the planetary composing of planetary ambiance and which is in add-on to vivid clime variableness observed over comparable clip periods. Any sort of alteration has a direct consequence and clime alteration is no different. It affects human civilisation. But the alterations we talk about are planetar y and different. These alterations allow for convey calamity might stop human civilisation.The American HeritageA New Dictionary of heathen Literacy, Third Edition Copyright 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Comp whatsoever. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, A Random House, Inc. 2010.4. dry land of clime alterationChange in planetary clime has some peculiar grounds. The chief ground of planetary clime alteration is addition of carbon paper gases in the ambiance.a ) Greenhouse consequence Certain gases in the ambiance behave like the glass on a green house, leting sunshine to scram in, but barricading heat from get awaying. During twenty-four hours earth becomes hot as it absolves heat and at dark clip it releases heat. But some C gases glut the heat and Earth can non let go of heat usually. So, our Earth becomes hotter and temperature rises which causes alteration in clime.B ) Addition in emanation of century gases Carbon gases are heat shriving, such as CO2. Increase of C gases in the ambiance makes earth hotter than normal. So, inordinate emanation of Carbon gases cause rise of temperature in the environment which is one of the major ground of clime alteration.degree Celsius ) Deforestation Deforestation is one of the major causes of planetary clime alteration. Cuting trees is non good for environment as tree consumes CO2from the environment. Deforestation does non assist to cut down C gases from the environment.vitamin D ) Volcanic eruption Volcanic eruption disposes dozenss of C gases in the ambiance which is for the most part responsible for the addition of planetary temperature.vitamin E ) Massive population growing Massive population growing is an indirect cause of clime alteration. Peoples cuts tree, uses fossil give notice and does many other things to carry through their demands. These activities are non good for environment. So the addition in population agencies addition in the rate of clime alteration.degree Fahrenheit ) Dependence on fossil fuel Peoples of the Earth are extremely dependent on fossil fuel. As they have really limited resource on alternate energy beginning they largely use fossil fuel as energy beginning. But fossil fuel is a really high beginning of emanation of Carbon gases.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , 2001. Working Group I Third Assessment Report. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK. 881 pp. issue Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) . 2001. Climate Change Science An Analysis of Some Key Questions. field of study Academies Press. 42 pp.Cynthia Rosenzweig, Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.giss.nasa.gov/ )William Solecki, Hunter College, metropolis University of New York hypertext transfer protocol //www.hunter.cuny.edu/ )5. Effectss of clime alterationClimate alteration has terrible consequence on humanity and life on Earth. Day by twenty-four hours our Ear th is altering and it s acquiring a difficult topographic point to populate on. Climate alteration is the ground for assorted natural catastrophes of recent clip. It has made the whole environment system unpredictable.a ) Average temperature rise As a consequence of clime alteration the mean temperature of the Earth has increased. It has made the environment in harpent and the Earth s season circle has collapsed due to this ground. 1990 was the warmest tenner in last 1000 twelvemonth and in this decennary temperature increased about at consecutive graph.B ) High tide As a consequence of temperature rise ice of south and North depot testament be melted fast and the H2O will eventually make the ocean. So, the sea degree will lift significantly and high tides will go a new job. Coastal civilisations like SriLanka, Maldives and Fiji will be destroyed. Rising sea degree will hold sever consequence on states like Bangladesh, Australia, India, Indonesia as most of their land will travel under H2O.degree Celsius ) Increase in ocean salt and sourness Scientists have found oceans are able to shrive some of the extra CO2 released by human activity. So the more CO2 in the ambiance means the more in the oceans. This will increase the salt and sourness of sea H2O. explore show that some of the sea H2O s Salinity and sourness will increase approximately 30 % after the terminal of twenty-first century.vitamin D ) Extreme conditions events Global clime alteration will convey utmost conditions events like Super Storm . These storms will hold air currents velocity of more than 200 stat mi and will destruct anything at its manner. Global heating will engender many ace storms.vitamin E ) Massive tropical cyclone Climate alteration will increase the denseness of tropical cyclone. These cyclones are monolithic and destructive. Hurricane Katrina is the slash possible illustration of that in recent clip. Economic harm due to Katrina was 81 nozzleion USD and estimated recovery needs more than 200 billion USD. sometimes tropical cyclone brings high tide and boom storm.Abdul-Baha , from a Tablet translated from Persian, quoted in a memoranda on Gaia and Nature, to the Universal House of Justice from its Research Department of the Bahai World Centre, 8 June 1992.See World Commission on Environment and intermitment ( Brundtland Commission ) , Our Common Future ( Oxford Oxford University Press, 1987 ) .Bouma-Prediger, Steven, For the Beauty of the Earth ( deoxyguanosine monophosphate Rapids Baker Academic, 2001 ) P6. International jurisprudence to cut down clime alterationA political understanding such as the Copenhagen Accord may be considered as a measure frontward if it is taken earnestly by those who want to continue with its executing. The authorization of such understanding will fundamentally depend on whether its executing can be effected through political force per unit area from Governments, civil society. There are devil ways the Accord could as sist the clime treatments to predate in 2010a ) It could bureau as an input to the AWGs. During treatments, the working groups could mention to the papers and the determinations agreed by Heads of State.B ) The Accord could go the karyon of a new international clime policy program to develop clime policy outside the UNFCCC with a limited figure of states back uping it and working under the commissariats of the papers.With respect to its contents, the chief elements of the Copenhagen Accord are thata ) Countries officially commit to the 2 degree retire but it neither translates this figure into GHG emanations ( including a peak twelvemonth ) nor describes processs for attempt sharing.B ) By the terminal of January 2010, Appendix I to the Accord will consist of economy-wide marks for 2020 pledged voluntarily by developed states through a bottom up procedure. Developed states can perpetrate to implement separately or jointly quantified emanation lessen marks, to be Measured, Reporte d and Verified ( MRVed ) based on guidelines bing under the UNFCCC. Following the analysis of Egenhofer and Georgiev ( 2009 ) , the most determined upper abut of the pledges for 2020 submitted before Copenhagen, combined with the executing of the national programs in China and India, would convey the Earth towards a 3.2AC addition by 2100 at best.C ) gain of actions in developing states will be supported instantly through new and extra, predictable and sufficient beginnings of support. To this terminal the corporate committedness of developed states is nearing US $ 30 billion for the period between 2010-2012, turning to US $ 100 billion a twelvemonth in 2020 with balanced portion between magnetic declination and extenuation. Thereby, for the first clip promise to a end of reciprocally mobilise is set and could let go of the fiscal dead end giving far drift to the overture of C markets. It is normally stated that the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund shall be well-known to back up u ndertakings, coders, policy and other actions in increasing states related to betterment. A high degree panel will be established to analyze the part of the likely beginnings of net incomes.vitamin D ) A Technology system shall be established by the understanding, even though no inside informations of this system or thoughts behind the term have been provided.vitamin E ) The comparative importance of, every bit good as interaction between, these three paths will merely go clear over the following months, particularly in February when it will go evident which Parties have authorized the understanding. On the other manus, even if all of the chief emitters support the chief consequence of solicit 15, the Copenhagen understanding, there will still be the demand for extra treatment. There are, for illustration, many more chances for set uping a more sustainable international betterment class, some of which have been identified by the AWG-LCA and the AWG-KP, that are non recognized in t he Copenhagen understanding.degree Fahrenheits ) Low C impartation systems require an included attack that lessening distances traveled prioritizes low-carbon manners and decreases the carbon-emissions of vehicles. For this ground, engineering is non limited to the energy effectivity of vehicles and bio-fuels but refers to power efficient conveyance systems as a whole, on top of any size from the local to the national. Technology Transfer under the UNFCCC is treated every bit supplying the capableness to invent and use engineerings. It is hence in hypothesis well-matched to the conveyance system position and a engineering mechanism should provide capacity constructing sing all manners of sustainable conveyance.g ) The Copenhagen understanding endorses the conditional relation of C markets as a agency to acquire emanation cut down but it does non propose the creative activity of a sector crediting system. In rule, Parties agree to extra work with the instrument but the hereafter of the Kyoto Protocol is still dubious and the treatments of the AWG-KP in Copenhagen resulted in advancement. The same applies to likely developments of the CDM under the AWG-KP, which could function to do the system more suited for undertakings in the conveyance sector. This would be helpful for conveyance as to day of the month there are some CDM conveyance related undertakings. Several recommendations have been developed for ways in which barriers to the greater engagement of the conveyance sector in the CDM flexible system could be overcome.Egenhofer, Christian and Georgiev, Anton ( 2009 ) The Copenhagen Accord A first pang at decoding the deductions for the EU. CEPTS Commentary, 25 December 2009.Niklas, Michiel Schaeffer, Claudine Chen, Bill Hare, Katja Eisbrenner, Markus Hagemann, Christian Ellermann( 2009 ) , Copenhagen Climate Deal How to Close the Gap, apprise paper, Ecofys & A Climate Analytics, 15 DecemberH ) UNFCCC adopts a jurisprudence of common but differentia ted undertakings. The parties fixed that* The biggest portion of historical and modern planetary emanations of nursery gases originated in developed states * Per capita emanations in developing states are still relatively low * The portion of planetary emanations arising in developing states will organize to acquire together societal and development necessities.7. Recommendation* InternationalRequire states to information on national schemes in the field of conveyance through their National substructure.Construct up a sector attack for international conveyance.Implement a sector halt working in a Nationally bewitch Mitigation Action.Provide Parties with ordinance for conveyance NAMA.Develop control for Programmed of Activity ( PoA ) in the conveyance sector.Develop attacks for even transport baselines under the CDMDevelop counsel for how both public and private sector conveyanceStakeholders can entree money for accommodationFor a more elaborate treatment of conveyance NAMAs see D alkmann, H. , Sakamoto, K. , Binsted, A. and Avery, K. ( 2009b )Schemes to convey land conveyance into the clime alteration dialogues. Discussion Paper. Available frompossible conveyance NAMA commissioned by the ADB and IDB.* Nationalput sector emanation lessening end on a national degreeParticular conveyance Nationally Appropriate betterment Action must be developed specially in states that have a immense portion of emanations from the conveyance sector, otherwise who are likely to in the coming old ages? dole out pilot undertakings to demo climate proofing of conveyance systems, largely in metropoliss.Submit indexs for farther combination of the conveyance sector into National Adaptation policy.8. DecisionSo what s following? The challenge that climate alteration airss to mankind requires the international society to maintain on pressing frontward. The sum of options, options and bracketed text in bill of exchange AWG paperss demonstrates the big sum of negociating work that still needs to be done. It is besides likely that even if an understanding under the UNFCCC could be reached in 2010, there will still be a batch work needed to place the implementing necessities by 2012. In a procedure presently characterized by so much uncertainness, two things are clear 2009 saw a major addition in the repute of the conveyance sector in the clime alteration argument, and the energy must be maintained to do certain that the nexus between conveyance and clime policy is strengthened in 2010.

Critics on Cooperative Principle Essay

As phrased by Paul Grice, who introduced it, it states, Make your contribution much(prenominal) as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or bespeakion of the talk exchange in which you ar engaged. 1 Though phrased as a prescriptive command, the principle is in leaned as a description of how people normally behave in conversation. Speakers and listeners involved in conversation argon ordinaryly cooperating with each other.For reference to be successful, it was proposed that collaboration was a necessary factor. In accepting speakers presup bewilders, listeners normally have to learn that a speaker who says his something really does have that which is mentioned and isnt nerve-racking to mislead the listener. This comprehend of cooperation is simply one in which people having a conversation ar non normally assumed to be trying to confuse, trick, or with range relevant information from each other.In nigh circumstances, this kind of cooperation is only the starting point for making sense of what is said. Since conversations among people be not al elans straight forward, the linguistic philosopher H. P. Grice attempted to explain how a hearer gets from what is said to what is meant, from the level of literally expressed moment to the level of implied meaning and he termed the implied meaning conversational implicature in his theory.Grice suggests that on that point is a general principle guiding conversation what he calls the accommodative Principle (CP for short), and communicators observe the general conversational saws of truthfulness, informativeness, relevance and clarity within the CP, according to the four main maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relation and Maner. When the listener hears the expression, he has to assume that the speaker is being accommodative and narrows to transfer something. That something must be more than just what the words mean. It is an additional conveyed meaning, which is an implicature .People who obey the cooperative principle in their language use will buzz off sure that what they say in a conversation furthers the purpose of that conversation. Obviously, the requirements of different types of conversations will be different. The cooperative principle goes both ways speakers (generally) observe the cooperative principle, and listeners (generally) assume that speakers are observing it. This allows for the possibility of implicatures, which are meanings that are not explicitly conveyed in what is said, but that arse nonetheless be inferred.For mannequin, if Alice points forbidden that crown is not present, and Carol replies that Bill has a cold, because there is an implicature that the cold is the reason, or at least a possible reason, for Bills absence seizure this is because Carols comment is not cooperative does not contribute to the conversation unless her point is that Bills cold is or might be the reason for his absence. (This is covered specifically by the Maxim of relevancy). We assume that people are normally going to provide an appropriate add together of information. We assume that they are telling the truth, being relevant, and trying to be as clear as they crapper.Listeners and speakers must speak cooperatively and mutually accept one another to be understood in a crabby way. The cooperative principle describes how effective communication in conversation is achieved in common social situations. However, there are some circumstances where speakers may not follow the brookation of the cooperative principle. In courtrooms and classrooms, witnesses and students are often called upon to tell people things which are already salubrious known to those people, thereby violating the quantity maxim. Such specialized institutional talk is clearly different from conversation.However, even in conversation, a speaker may take out of the maxim expectations by using expressions like No comment or of such expressions is that, althou gh they are typically not as informative as is required in the context, they are naturally interpreted as communicating more than is said. For example, the speaker knows the answer. It is speakers who communicate meaning via implicatures and it is listeners who recognize those communicated meanings via inference. The inferences selected are those which will bear upon assumption of cooperation.In the theory of conversational implicature, Grice proposes that in an exchange of conversation, there is an underlying principle that determines the way in which language is used maximally in effect and efficiently to achieve rational interaction. He calls this governing dictum the co-operative principle and subdivides it into nine maxims classified into four categories. The co-operative principle Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.He suggests that there is an accepted way of speaking which we all accept as standard behaviour. When we produce, or hear, an utterance, we assume that it will generally be true, have the right amount of information, be relevant, and will be couched in understand equal terms. If an utterance does not appear to conform to this model (e. g. Bs utterance in (1) above), then we do not assume that the utterance is nonsense rather, we assume that an appropriate meaning is there to be inferred.In Grices terms, a maxim has been flouted, and an implicature generated. Without such an assumption, it would not be worth a co-interactant investing the effort needed to interpret an indirect speech act. This is the standard basic explication of the CP, maxims and implicatures1. At this point, many descriptions like a shot turn to detailed explanations of the many ways in which the operation of the CP pile be tracked in language use flouts, violations, infringing and opting out. However, in this mass of detail, Grices underlying ideas are too often lost.Taylor & Cameron (198783) stand alone in making this point Few commentators pause to consider Grices avowed reason for introducing the CP. Instead they rush on to consider the various maxims which are subordinate to it. All the examples of flouts, violations and opting out are there to further illustrate the distinction between saying and meaning an interest which has been evident in the Gricean program since Grice (1957), and to show that there is a pattern in the way we interact.There is a kind between the conventional meaning of an utterance and any tacit meaning it might have, and it is denumerable. What Grice (1975) does not say is that interaction is cooperative in the sense which is plunge in the dictionary. In fact, as we have suggested in Davies (1997), it could be argued that the existence of this pattern of behaviour enables the speaker to withdraw the problem of the hearer more difficult. Speakers can convey their intentions by a limitless number of utterances, it is up to the hearer to calculate the utterers intention.It would seem from this that the CP is not about making the task of the Hearer straightforward potentially, it is quite the reverse. It allows the speaker to steel their utterance harder, rather than easier, to interpret we can omit information or present a non-literal utterance, and expect the Hearer to do the extra work necessary to interpret it. We would suggest that there is a conflict between the way we interpret the CPs position in the Gricean program, and the way it is often represented in the linguistic literature.Grice suggests that conversational implicatures- roughly, a set of non-logical inferences that contains conveyed messages which are meant without being said in the strict sense can arise from either strictly and directly observing or deliberately and ostentatiously flouting the maxims. Furthermore, he distinguishes between those conversational implicatures which arise wi thout requiring any particular contextual conditions and those which do require such conditions. He calls the first kind generalised conversational implicatures and the second kind particularised conversational implicatures.Grice also points out that conversational implicatures are characterised by a number of distinctive properties, notably (i) cancellability, or defeasibility (conversational implicatures can simply evaporate in certain linguistic or non-linguistic contexts), (ii) non-detachability (any linguistic expression with the same semantic content tends to carry the same conversational implicature (a principled exception is those conversational implicatures that arise via the maxim of Manner)), (iii) calculability (conversational implicatures are calculable via the co-operative principle and its attendant axims), (iv) non-conventionality (conversational implicatures, though dependent on what is coded, are non-coded in nature), (v) reinforceability (conversational implicatur es can be made explicit without producing too much redundancy) (Sadock 1978), and (vi) universality (conversational implicatures tend to be universal, being motivated rather than arbitrary) (see Sadock 1978 for a critique and Nunburg 1981 for a defense).Recent advances on the classic Gricean theory of conversational implicature include Atlas & Levinson (1981), sponger (1981, 1983), Sperber & Wilson (1982, 1986), Levinson (1983, 1987a, b, 1991), Horn (1984, 1988, 1989, 1992) and Atlas (1989). 2 In these new developments, the original Gricean programme has been revised in somewhat different ways. Sperber and Wilson, for example, in an attempt to make a paradigm change (Kuhn 1970) in pragmatics, propose that the entire Gricean apparatus be subsumed within a single cognitive principle, namely the principle of Relevance.On this Relevance theory, which is essentially a modification of the Fodorian theory of cognitive modularity (Fodor 1983),3 it is assumed that the human central cognitiv e mechanism works in such a way as to maximise Relevance with respect to communication, that is, communicated information comes with a guarantee of Relevance (Sperber & Wilson 1986 vii). Thus, the principle of Relevance is claimed to be responsible for the recovery of both the explicit and implicit content of an utterance.In other words, on Sperber and Wilsons view, in interpreting an utterance, one is always maximizing the informational value of contextual stimuli to interpret the utterance in a way which is most consistent with the principle of Relevance. Horn suggests a less reductionist, bipartite model. In Horns view, all of Grices maxims (except the maxim of Quality) can be replaced with two fundamental and antithetical principles the Quantity principle and the Relation principle.These maxims may be get out understood as describing the assumptions listeners normally make about the way speakers will talk, rather than prescriptions for how one ought to talk. Philosopher Kent Ba ch writes We need first to get clear on the character of Grices maxims. They are not sociological generalizations about speech, nor are they moral prescriptions or proscriptions on what to say or communicate. Although Grice presented them in the form of signposts for how to communicate successfully, I think they are better construed as presumptions about utterances, presumptions hat we as listeners rely on and as speakers exploit. (Bach 2005). Gricean Maxims generate implicatures. If the overt, surface meaning of a sentence does not seem to be consistent with the Gricean maxims, and yet the circumstances lead us to think that the speaker is nonetheless obeying the cooperative principle, we tend to look for other meanings that could be implied by the sentence. Grice did not, however, assume that all people should constantly follow these maxims.Instead, he found it interesting when these were not respected, namely either flouted (with the listener being expected to be able to underst and the message) or violated (with the listener being expected to not note this). Flouting would imply some other, hidden meaning. The importance was in what was not said. For example Answering Its raining to someone who has suggested playing a game of tennis only disrespects the maxim of relation on the surface, the reasoning behind this break down sentence is normally clear to the interlocutor (the maxim is just flouted).Criticism Grices theory is often disputed by arguing that cooperative conversation, as with most social behavior, is culturally determined, and therefore the Gricean Maxims and the Cooperative Principle cannot be universally applied due to intercultural differences. Keenan claims that the Malagasy, for example, follow a completely opposite Cooperative Principle in order to achieve conversational cooperation.In their culture, speakers are reluctant to share information and flout the Maxim of Quantity by evading direct questions and replying on incomplete answers b ecause of the risk of losing face by committing oneself to the truth of the information, as well as the fact that having information is a form of prestige. 3 However, Harnish points out4 that Grice only claims his maxims hold in conversations where his Cooperative Principle is in effect. The Malagasy speakers choose not to be cooperative, valuing the prestige of information ownership more highly. It could also be said in this case that this is a less cooperative communication system, since less information is shared) Another criticism is that the Gricean Maxims can easily be misinterpreted to be a guideline for etiquette, instructing speakers on how to be moral, polite conversationalists. However, the Gricean Maxims, despite their wording, are only meant to describe the commonly accepted traits of successful cooperative communication. Geoffrey Leech created the Politeness maxims tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement, and sympathy. Flouting the MaximsWithout cooperation, human interaction would be far more difficult and counterproductive. Therefore, the Cooperative Principle and the Gricean Maxims are not specific to conversation but to verbal interactions in general. For example, it would not make sense to reply to a question about the weather with an answer about groceries because it would violate the Maxim of Relevance. Likewise, responding to a question with a long monologue would violate the Maxim of Quantity. However, it is possible to flout a maxim intentionally or unconsciously and thereby convey a different meaning than what is literally spoken.Many times in conversation, this flouting is manipulated by a speaker to produce a negative pragmatic effect, as with sarcasm or irony. One can flout the Maxim of Quality to tell a clumsy friend who has just taken a bad fall that her gracefulness is impressive and obviously intend to mean the complete opposite. The Gricean Maxims are therefore often purposefully flouted by comedians and writers, who may hide the complete truth and manipulate their words for the effect of the boloney and the sake of the readers experience.Speakers who deliberately flout the maxims usually intend for their listener to understand their underlying implication. In the case of the clumsy friend, she will most likely understand that the speaker is not truly offering a compliment. Therefore, cooperation is still taking place, but no longer on the literal level. Conversationalists can assume that when speakers intentionally flout a maxim, they still do so with the aim of expressing some thought. Thus, the Gricean Maxims serve a purpose both when they are followed and when they are flouted.

The last supper

The Dad Vinci code Picture says a lot of words Symbols in a picture. Spain wait robes. Are priest robes. Poseidon sign of power Devils pitch fork the Naz beneianity, Mary. Pagan god hours century before Christianity understanding past to understand present pen your own history, define original truth. People fear what they dont understand Follow Doctrine. Dad Vinci code trivial man star- finical religious icon, symbol for genus Venus female half. perfectiondess symbol. Knows the inwardness of the symbol has nothing to do with the devil Confession.Monomials right was female the left was male French kind conquered Jerusalem orchestrated. Military build up knights invasion was to find an artifact lost at the time of Christianity S cash in ones chips searching, quit the Blessed land. Cot 13, 1307 Friday. Holy grail. look up messiah had oneness true message. Arose- symbol of holy grail. Holy grail, god power on earth. Critics, used to keep secrets. You write the info on a papyrus finger, core it open, secrete erases forever. 12 million possibilities. Churches power on earth, holy grail bible.Constantine was a Christian was baptized on his death bed balance natures, goddess. Turmoil, y bulgehful Jew named the Naz atomic number 18ne preaching love centuries after his certification agene create war in the Christianity Constantine pagan, unify Rome religion, Christianity, rise empire tore it apart. Council debated and voted, bankers acceptance gospels date of Easter. rescuer was viewed by many of followers, man immortal man, who is god, who is man? People kill over the question last supper, dad Vinci. savior is in the middle. Breaking bread. Wine.How many wine glasses are on the table, a single cup. Both the bible, celebrate the holy grail. Represents aggression, V shape of a cleaning ladys womb ancient symbol of woman hood. Holy grail is a woman is in the last supper. The mind chooses what it wants to hear. Smeared by the church. Mary macadamia prostit ute. the Nazarene wife. saviour and Mary, clothes the same joined at the hip, the grail change position, next to Jesus leaning on him holy grail gospel, Phillip rejected, appear man and not unimportant Mary magnolia companion, spouse.Gospel Mary manacling the savior made her worthy , Jesus to tell Mary, up to her to continue her church, not Peter. Church by woman descended by kings, Just like holy grail, French general. Royal blood, blood of Christ, Mary was pregnant at the time of the prosecution for her own safety, left the holy land and gave birth to the daughter Sara wrist had a blood line pagans, Joining of man and female, route to heaven, monopoly woman are a huge affright to the church.Witches hammer, torture every woman. 50,000 woman burn alive. Millions. Female child. Worth killing for. Witness the cover up in human history history protectors of the run along descendants of Jesus Christ and Mary magnolia keystone?map, lead us to holy grail guardian of the grail I am t he messenger of god. stalk by angels. God doesnt forgive murderer, he burns them knights swore to defend her kneel before her bones holy grail was lost In time Ephesians. pontiff Rosella ChapelThe exist SupperI come you missed class last week, but I would love to explain one of the important pieces of art we went over, The lowest Supper, painted from 1495 to 1498. That day, we went over the history that conduct up to period of Modern Art. As Leonardo da Vinci painted this huge piece of art, 15 by 29 feet, he had purpose and meaning into every detail, which I will explain to you. The subject around Leonardo da Vincis The Last Supper is establish on the last meal Christ had with his twelve disciples before one of them betrays Jesus.Judas is the one that betrays Christ that leads to His death on the cross and Resurrection. This meal is also know as the Passover meal where Jesus bust the bread and drank the wine as remembrance of his body and blood that He sacrificed for all mank ind. In the Bible (Matthew 26), Jesus says that the one who will betray Him is, He that dippeth his top with me in the dish, the same shall betray me. In the painting it displays Judas left travel by and Jesus right hand reaching for the food.The Last Supper clearly displays classicalism within its details. The biggest thing that Leonardo da Vinci displays in this art piece is Neo-Platonism. This idea or truth has God in the center of all things. It screwing be displayed as a triangle, which stands for the Trinity, and gives a sense of stability. In The Last Supper, we can see that Leonardo has Jesus in the center of everything, which you will see in the later descriptions. First sign of neo classicism is the triangles that make up Jesus and next Him.The head of Christ makes the top of the triangle his hands make the penetrate two corners. This is so important, since the triangle is upright. When a triangle is upright, it gives the meaning of stability. Therefore, where Christ is the center, at that place is stability. However, there is an upside round off triangle next to Jesus. This is the sign of instability. I believe this is on that side of Jesus, because Judas is also on that side. We can tell that Judas is on this side, because one, both him and Jesus are both reaching for the food, and that is described in the Bible. as well as in the Bible (Matthew 2615) it says that Judas was given thirty pieces of silver to betray the Christ, and in Judas right hand it looks like he is holding a sack of coins. Lastly, Leonardo da Vinci painted Judas face different than all the others. His face is kind of blurred and is mold oddly, which is unlike all the others. There are a lot of evidences of classicism in this painting. In this picture, Jesus is the focal point. One sign of classicism is in the lines and symmetry. All of the lines in the ceiling and walls all lead to the head of Jesus.The three windows in the background are symbolizing the Trinity, and th e biggest one is framing Christ. This also makes Jesus stand out even more. Also everyone is either pointing to Jesus or are looking at Him. The bread and meal plates are all evenly spaced, which is the sign of classicism. Another sign of classicism in this painting, the colors are very complimentary. Jesus is especially bright in His red and blue. Leonardo did this on purpose, because he wanted to make Jesus stand out the most. This is why he chose red, the color that stands out the most in paintings.The last sign of classicism is the balance. On each side of Jesus, there are two sets of three disciples. The three disciples is a sign of the Trinity and the four groups is also a symbol of Platos four virtues. In conclusion, The Last Supper is a huge symbol of classicism and Neo-Platonism. Leonardo da Vinci had many meanings behind each and every detail, from the lieu of the bread, to lines on the ceiling. I hope this helps you out a lot. There is a lot of information in just this l ittle paper.The Last SupperI know you missed class last week, but I would love to explain one of the important pieces of art we went over, The Last Supper, painted from 1495 to 1498. That day, we went over the history that led up to period of Modern Art. As Leonardo da Vinci painted this huge piece of art, 15 by 29 feet, he had purpose and meaning into every detail, which I will explain to you. The subject around Leonardo da Vincis The Last Supper is based on the last meal Christ had with his twelve disciples before one of them betrays Jesus.Judas is the one that betrays Christ that leads to His death on the cross and Resurrection. This meal is also known as the Passover meal where Jesus broke the bread and drank the wine as remembrance of his body and blood that He sacrificed for all mankind. In the Bible (Matthew 26), Jesus says that the one who will betray Him is, He that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, the same shall betray me. In the painting it displays Judas left hand and Jesus right hand reaching for the food.The Last Supper clearly displays classicism within its details. The biggest thing that Leonardo da Vinci displays in this art piece is Neo-Platonism. This idea or truth has God in the center of all things. It can be displayed as a triangle, which stands for the Trinity, and gives a sense of stability. In The Last Supper, we can see that Leonardo has Jesus in the center of everything, which you will see in the later descriptions. First sign of neoclassicism is the triangles that make up Jesus and next Him.The head of Christ makes the top of the triangle his hands make the bottom two corners. This is so important, since the triangle is upright. When a triangle is upright, it gives the meaning of stability. Therefore, where Christ is the center, there is stability. However, there is an upside down triangle next to Jesus. This is the sign of instability. I believe this is on that side of Jesus, because Judas is also on that side. We can tell th at Judas is on this side, because one, both him and Jesus are both reaching for the food, and that is described in the Bible.Also in the Bible (Matthew 2615) it says that Judas was given thirty pieces of silver to betray the Christ, and in Judas right hand it looks like he is holding a sack of coins. Lastly, Leonardo da Vinci painted Judas face different than all the others. His face is kind of blurred and is shaped oddly, which is unlike all the others. There are a lot of evidences of classicism in this painting. In this picture, Jesus is the focal point. One sign of classicism is in the lines and symmetry. All of the lines in the ceiling and walls all lead to the head of Jesus.The three windows in the background are symbolizing the Trinity, and the biggest one is framing Christ. This also makes Jesus stand out even more. Also everyone is either pointing to Jesus or are looking at Him. The bread and meal plates are all evenly spaced, which is the sign of classicism. Another sign of classicism in this painting, the colors are very complimentary. Jesus is especially bright in His red and blue. Leonardo did this on purpose, because he wanted to make Jesus stand out the most. This is why he chose red, the color that stands out the most in paintings.The last sign of classicism is the balance. On each side of Jesus, there are two sets of three disciples. The three disciples is a sign of the Trinity and the four groups is also a symbol of Platos four virtues. In conclusion, The Last Supper is a huge symbol of classicism and Neo-Platonism. Leonardo da Vinci had many meanings behind each and every detail, from the placement of the bread, to lines on the ceiling. I hope this helps you out a lot. There is a lot of information in just this little paper.

Strategic finance issues

This analysis pass on fiscally compare Santos Limiters financial performance for the year ending 31st celestial latitude 2013 with the previous years results, by way of dimension analysis. It will also benchmark the latest result with that of Woodside Petroleum for the same period using the same ratio analysis of the 2013 financial contestations of each community.A copy of these ratio analysis are attached to this report as appendix 1, which contains a through time the likeness for the last two years for Santos Limited ND the across time comparison with Woodside Petroleum for the most recent year. As Basely and Hancock (2013 p. 358) take in there are certain factors relevant to selecting an appropriate benchmark.Woodside Petroleum has been selected as the benchmarking confederacy as Woodside also operates in oil and gas production, focusing trading trading operations within the Australian area. plot of ground Woodside operations are larger than that of Santos, the relativ e size of these companies is comparable and both follow the accounting policies ask by the Corporations go forward 2001 , Australian Accounting Standards and other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting standards board.Both companies are listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASS) which provides comparative data for the ratios analyzed and presented in addition 1 with the following tables prorogue 1 Profitability ratios Table 2 faculty ratios Table 3 Short-term solvency ratios Table 4 long-run solvency ratios and Table 5 Market-based ratios A copy of Santos Limiters 2013, 2012 and Woodside petroleum s 2013 Annual reports are attached to this report as Appendix 2, Appendix 3 and Appendix 4 especially, for reference to the findings and suggestions outlined in this review.One limitation of the comparison is that Santos Limited reports their financial data in Australian (ALLS) dollars, while Woodside Petroleum report their financial data in American (US) dollars. This is overcome by using ratios for a majority of comparisons and converting the US dollar amounts into ASS dollars when required. 2. 0 Ratio Analysis To flavor at the relationship between figures presented in the financial statements, this report uses a ratio analysis technique. To fully understand the ratios developed e will ensure at them in context of other information provided in various reports and the overall goals of the party.From these ratios the report will then compare these against the benchmark and ultimately identify areas for gain and, if necessary, change. 2. 1 Profitability. As we can see from Table 1 Profitability ratios, the engagement profit margin and the unrefined profit margin throw remote 1 . 74% and 4. 26% respectively in 2013. While sales enlarged 1 1 . 76% for the year, the gross profit margin decrease as previously stated which, was the main driver for the decrease in last profit margin for the year as the interest expense o sales remained consistent.There was a slight drop in die on assets, however asset turnover remained fairly constant, highlighting that the drop in net profit margin is due to the drop in gross profit margin and not a lower turnover of assets. The reduction in gross profit margin is due to the increase in financing costs like depreciation and depletion (up 1. 5% of sales for 2013) and third party product purchases (up 5. 6% of sales). The reduction in financing income also played a major part in pushing down profits. In comparison Woodside has a high replication on assets Han Santos due to the 16. 8% higher profit margin and they turnover assets more efficiently. Also, Santos continuing capital growing strategies in projects such as the Papua New Guiana Liquefied Natural Gas (PING LONG) and the Gladstone Liquid Natural Gas (GLEN) transformational projects which are outlined in the 2013 Annual report, are still in the developing phase, therefore not producing to generate sales until th e following years. Woodside had a low commitment to capital expenditure for the same financial year and later on selling off major capital in 2012 their use of debt as utmost less (shown as the leverage ratio in Table 4).The return on ordinary shareholders uprightness (ROE) ratio shows the return for the shareholders who supply right to the business. The ROE is higher for Woodside due to their higher profit margins however, the higher financial leverage ratio in Table 4 will benefit Santos shareholders when the return on assets increases compared to the financing costs. This will happen when the above mentioned projects begin production. This is congruent with the statement in a press release by Managing Director (M. D) and Chief Executive Officer (C.E. O) Mr. David Knox on 21st of February 2014. In particular, our natural gas coldness and resource base in eastern Australia, combined with our leading infrastructure position, leaves Santos strategically well placed to meet growi ng market demand,. 2. 2 Efficiency ratios For the 2013 fiscal year the sales and also the number of debtors increased. The use of efficiency ratios helps determine whether the increase in debtors is due to the increase in sales totally or that it is caused by the debtors taking longer to pay.These ratios show this by providing statistical relations on how effectively Santos Limited is electing its outstanding owing money and converting the ancestry into sales. From Table 2 we see that comparing the last two fiscal years for Santos Limited has made improvements in their debt collection practices. The number of old age taken to collect debtors accounts has reduce from 78. 71 to 65. 53 geezerhood but is still outside Santos Limiters standard 30 days for settlement of accounts. The closing balance is masking more debtors accounts being past the 65. 3 day second-rate for 2013 fiscal year. Comparing these figures to Santos competitor Woodside, whose debtor recovery is loser to the s tandard 30 days terms at 31. 63 days. An article in the Sydney Morning Herald depicts that the question has been asked whether there is a gas reservation policy by shareholders, of which Santos chairman Mr. Board denies. The ratio analysis of days taken to turn inventory into sales shows a possible reason for this question arising as the number of days taken to convert inventory into sales has risen in 2013 from 52. 19 to 53. 62 days.This is only a slight increase and with an expected increase in demand, this slight rise in inventory would be expected to cover n increase in demand. However, when comparing this aim to the benchmark, Woodside inventory turnover is far less at 30. 46 days for a higher sales volume. 2. 3 Short-term solvency ratios While the previous ratios focus on performance of the company solvency ratios focus on assisting the company with decisions, short term and long term. Table 3 shows the short-term solvency ratios which assist in the short term decision makin g.The new ratio is the most basic test as to how liquid a company is. It expresses a companys ability to meet its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. A flowing ratio greater than or equal to one indicates that current assets should be able to satisfy short-term obligations. A ratio less than one indicated an unfitness to meet short term requirements. The quick ratio calculated for 2013 compared to 2012 shows the companys ability to pay is has reduced to below the 11 ratio, expressing that should the company be required to pay all current debts immediately, they could not do so.Due in part to the reduction in cash levels diminution the current assets from 34. 6% to 20. 3% of net assets. Also increases in the amount of short term interest bearing borrowings increases the current liabilities from 13. 6% of net assets to 16. 9%. With the less cover to pay the increase in short-term liabilities, there is a higher financial risk. When comparing these ratios to that of Wo odside, Cantons short term debt paying ability is carrying greater risks, but comparable with this benchmark. While the quick ratio decline to . 31 is cause for concern, the Cash flow from operations to current liabilities ratio shows that 94% of current liabilities can be covered with operational cash flow. Compare this to Woodside, which can easily cover rent liabilities with 141% of its current liabilities covered with operational cash flow. 2. 4 Long-term solvency ratios As the short-term financial risk has previously been expressed, the long term decisions can be assisted by the long-term solvency ratios expressed in Table 4. The debt to equity ratio compares the total liabilities of Santos Limited and compares it to the each dollar of shareholders equity.During 2013 Santos reliance has risen due to the increased borrowings and interest bearing loans, so for every $1 of shareholders equity there is $1. 02 worth of debt obligations. This level of debt is double than that of our benchmark, Woodside Petroleum however, the debt to total asset ratio suggests there is enough assets to cover the debt long term. This might put the company under financial risk and indicate high use of debt compared to shareholders equity and a greater financial risk long term. This increases the cost of interest in operation, effecting negatively on profitability.The interest coverage while currently is below the industry benchmark, there is sufficient coverage to ensure interest payment obligations will be met. The amount contributed to the long term room each $1 of operating cash flow has also been significantly reduced, moving further away from the benchmark company. This will increase interest costs long term however, also effecting profit margins. 2. 5 Market-based ratios The price per earnings ratio shown in Table 5 show how much the market would pay for shares of stock of the company per dollar of reported profit.About. Comas business finance reporter Rosemary Palaver sugge sts that the ordinary price to earnings ratio is around 19 with Santos ratio higher at 27. 68 and the benchmark, Woodside, ratio marginally lower at 17. 49. Reasons for Santos higher than average price per earnings ratio would be due to the potential for Santos increase earnings per share in the foreseeable future and investors are trading accordingly. former(a) reasons for a high ratio are when companies are in a development phase, which Santos financial statements suggest it currently is not.A high ratio also suggests that the company has financial risk which was expressed in the short-term and long-term solvency ratios. While the market is willing to pay a higher price for investment in shares per dollar Santos reports as profit, the earnings give out assists in evaluating whether returns on investment compensates the risk adequately. The yield of 3. 61% for 2013 is down on sasss 4. 53% and short of Woodside 5. 72%, which is at a lower risk. Thus, Santos shares did not perform to the industry benchmark and shareholders are not getting the yield expected for their investments.Dividends are also low, reflecting the companys growth positioning for the coming few years. 3. 0 Recommendations The increase in growing demand as expected by Mr. David Knox in a release and the move into production phase of the PING project will generate extra operating ash, primarily with already obtained assets. Therefore the focus moving forward should be reducing the financing costs involved in the cost of goods sold. This will in turn increase profit margins, giving a greater return on assets due to lower interest costs, moving margins closer to that of the benchmark Woodside Petroleum.The rate at which inventory is used to generate sales should be reviewed as it is slightly behind the benchmark. One suggestion to come from these ratio findings is that debtor control needs to be tightened which in turn will improve operations cash flow. Steps have been taken during the last fis cal year to reduce the number of days to collect outstanding debtor accounts, further improvement will also increase operating cash flow which will reduce the financial risk of the company to pay its current liabilities.The inventory level should be reduced to be more comparable to Woodside and increasing the quick assets level used to repay current liabilities. Further to assist in reducing the risk associated with the companys short-term solvency would be a focus on reducing the current interest-bearing loans and borrowings. 4. Conclusion. Through the usage of ratio analysis this report has analyses Santos Limiters financial performance over the last two years and benchmark it against Australias largest oil and natural gas producer.There are several other factors influencing position and performance like international economies, competition and major long term growth projects etc. These play a decisive role in the changes in profits, earnings yield and dividend yield. The last two years have seen Santos profits and stock performances below industry averages but this is large in part to the investment in growth opportunities, which will begin production in the near future. Some findings and recommendations have been made to improve the financial position of the company so the entity and the shareholders that have invested in it can prosper.Although the companies are in the same field, factors like subsidiary companies or having some different end product can create problem in comparing the companies. The economic condition in the different region and the accounting techniques adopted by these companies while computing ratios and financial tenement also decreases the credibility of the calculation (Charles and Patricia, 1983) 5. 0 References Charles H. Gibson & Patricia A. Brush-off. 1983. Z ND Edition. Kent Publishing Company.

Saturday Night and Sunday Morning

Director Karel Reiszs Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, the signifieric story of an angry young popu lace, heralded a new kind of cinema for British auditory senses. Saturday Night and Sunday Morning is a classic social realist film of the British New Wave. Made in 1960, it was groundbreaking in both its portrayal of the industrial nightmare of working class grind life, and its unrepentant, cocky anti-hero Arthur Seaton. The British New Wave and La Nouvelle dark Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960) was Karel Reiszs inaugural feature film, made in the light of a number of outstanding documentaries from the Free Cinema movement.Interestingly, this film emerged at the same epoch as Jean-Luc Godards ingress feature A Bout De Souffle (Breathless). Reisz and Godard, the enfant terrible of the French New Wave, shared certain traits. Both were critics turned film-makers whose debut films were the set-back commercial hits of their respective new waves, and both films were anti-e stablishment pieces from directors with political agendas. The Angry Young Man Saturday Night and Sunday Morning was a film to which legion(predicate) people could relate.Alan Sillitoe, who adapted his book for the screen, was the creator of one of the original angry young men of cinema history, Arthur Seaton. Arthur is a working class anti-hero whose boredom of factory life is assuaged only by his reckless attitude to life. Trapped in a dead end job, Arthur represents the individual against the system. He makes the most of his leisure time in an attempt to escape the mediocrity of his life. Arthur is blunt and cocky, out for a good time with women, booze and a well cut suit. But he is angry about the restrictions placed on him by his working class life.The cause of this aggression factory life united a public who recognized his anger. Cinema attendances reflected the fact that this was one of the first times audiences felt their own lives were represented on screen. Fatally Fla wed At the beginning of the film Arthur is having an familiarity with Brenda, a married woman, who he gets pregnant. He tries to help her when she says she wants an abortion, although ultimately this is unsuccessful. It is a testament to the film-makers that this storyline does non alienate audiences.In fact, for all his gruff, rabble rousing, Arthur remain a likable, if flawed, character. He is seen to get a sort of comeuppance when Brendas brother in law beats him up at the Nottingham Goose Fair, but audience sympathy is still with Arthur. This is as well as due in no small part to Albert Finneys amazing portrayal of Arthur as a working class beau coming to bitter terms with the responsibilities of manhood. The Midlands A Backdrop For Social Realism Setting the film in Nottingham adds a further dimension of imprisonment, by dint of iconography which has since been incorporate into British cinema.The imposing chimney stacks and factories serve to increase the feelings of cl austrophobia and provincial entrapment. Karel Reisz had already shown in his documentaries Everyday Except Christmas and We Are The Lambeth sons that ordinary people could show stories and entertainment, but his directors vision also demonstrates a poeticism of social problems. The views Reisz portrays through his lens have become embedded in British films, and typify a landscape still seen today in any British film within the social realist cannon.Saturday Night and Sunday MorningSaturday Night and Sunday Morning By Alan Sillitoe Adapted by Amanda Whittington pic Harrogate Theatre 22nd February 8th March 2008 Directed by Joyce Branagh Resource Material pic Alan Sillitoes ground breaking picture of 1950s Britain, as seen through the eye of the unforgettable Arthur Seaton (immortalised on screen by Albert Finney), is now brought raging back to life and bang up-to-date in a fast-moving new arcdegree adaptation.Classic kitchen sink drama blended with high energy action and a toe-ta pping 1950s fuelled soundtrack makes this at turns funny and heart-rending tale of the life and loves of the original angry young man a must see for three generations. ContentsPage Brief Synopsis Historical circumstance nigh the author The adapted text List of Characters Principals Analysis In different media 21st Century references Synopsis Saturday Night and Sunday Morning tells the story of Arthur Seaton, a young Nottingham factory worker, who is having an affair with Brenda, the wife of Jack, an ageinger co-worker.He also has a relationship with Doreen, a woman closer to his own age. When Brenda becomes pregnant with Arthurs child, he goes to his aunt for advice on aborting the child. Jack discovers the affair. His brother and a lumberman soldier give Arthur a serious beating. The play ends on an ambiguous note, with a recovered Arthur and Doreen discussing marriage and the prospect of a new home. Historical context 1958 The European Economic Community (Common Market) starts operation. The birth of Rock and Roll, which resulted in the emergence of clubs. Jerry Lee Lewiss Great Balls of Fire reaches no 1 in the US charts.Womens rights were still limited, but this was to change over the coming decade. Marie Stopes, a campaigner for womens rights, dies, aged 69. The first man-made nuclear fusion was created. The class divide was still very prominent and strong. Labour were in government. Queen Elizabeth II had only recently been crowned. The idea of a new age had begun. About the Author NameAlan Sillitoe Born4th March 1928, Nottingham. FamilySecond son of an illiterate tannery laborer. His father, Christopher Sillitoe, became one of the long-term unemployed during the 1930s Depression.On different occasions he worked as a house painter. Once he was imprisoned for running up bills for food that he had no hope of paying. Sillitoes go, Silvina (Burton) worked in a lace factory. We lived in a room on Talbot Street whose four walls smelled of leaking gas, st ale fat, and layers of mouldering wall-paper, Sillitoe has recalled. Early lifeLeft school at 14 Sillitoes childhood was shadowed by the financial problems of the family, but he also found early on the joys of literature and started to plan his career as a writer.However, his first semi-fictional tale about his wild cousins was burned by his mother for being too revealing. At the age of 14 he left school and worked in a number of jobs in Nottingham factories, including a bicycle factory from 1942 to 1946. He served in the Royal Air Force, where he was a wireless operator. After move from Malaya, he was discovered to have tuberculosis. Sill toe spent sixteen months in an RAF hospital. During this period he started to write again and read intensively. Pensioned off at 21 on 45 shillings at week, he lived in France and Spain for seven years in an attempt to recover.In 1951 he met an American poet, Ruth Fainlight, who was married, but they decided to go abroad together. From 1952 to 1 958 they lived in France, Italy and Spain largely on Sillitoes air force pension. Encouraged by Robert Graves, whom he met on the island of Mallorca in 1956, Sillitoe began to write his first novel, SATURDAY NIGHT AND sunlight MORNING (1958), a story about working-class life in Nottingham. Adapters of the book Amanda Whittington Previous plays for New Perspectives include The Boy on the Hill drop dead Stop Louisas and Players Angels.Other plays include Ladies Day (Hull Truck) Satin N Steel (Nottingham Playhouse and Bolton Octagon) Be My Baby (Soho Theatre and subsequently staged by Oldham Coliseum, Hull Truck and Salisbury Playhouse) Born To Run (Third Space) Bollywood Jane (Leicester Haymarket) The Willss daughters (Tobacco Factory, Bristol and Radio Four). Publications include Satin N Steel and Be My Baby (Nick Hern Books) and Twist & Shout, Runaway Girl and Shirleys Song (SchoolPlay). Amanda has also written for film and television, and was joint winner of the 2001 Dennis Po tter Screenwriting Award. David Brett David Brett is an English actor, singer and arranger. David Brett is one of the original members of The Flying Pickets. He pose a number of the groups songs, including the number one hit Only You. Brett is working as an actor, mainly performing on stage, but he has also participated in a number of TV productions and played Dedalus Diggle in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone1. Characters Arthur Seaton (21) a tall, iron-faced, crop-haired youth loudmouth (40) a sailor Brenda (30) a married mother of two Emler (20s) Brendas friend, a bit touchedWinnie (25) Brendas sister, small and fiery Waiter too old for the job hes obligate to do Sweeper Girls (20s) factory workers Tealady (40s) a fixture of the factory Jack (30) self-contained, fresh-faced, with a perpetual frown Robboe (40) the foreman, a quiet man with tortured eyes Aunt Ada (50) the personality of a promiscuous barmaid Mick (40s) an Irish drunk Landlady (50s) worldly-wise and cynica l Courting Couple (20s) love-struck Grieving Man (30s) woolly-headed and sad Doreen (19) fresh and innocent with a sharp edgeSwaddies (20s) army thugs Can be staged with a minimum of six actors, playing Arthur Brenda/Tealady/Landlady Jack/Loudmouth/Grieving Man/Swaddie Winnie/Aunt Ada/Sweeper Girl/Ratface Doreen/EmLer/Sweeper Girl/Courting Girl Waiter/Robboe/Mick/Courting Boy/Swaddie Principal Analysis Arthur Arthur Seaton, a lathe operator in a bicycle factory in Nottingham, England. The blond, muscular twenty- one-year-old fights to remain independent of society, employers, and marriage. He dates married womenfirst Brenda, then Winnieand engages in boisterous drinking bouts.After a beating by Winnies soldier husband, he settles for the single Doreen, deciding that he need not reject all that life offers to remain independent. Brenda Jacks wife and Arthurs lover. A young mother of two, she is bored with Jack and finds romance and convulsion with Arthur. She is part of the dangero us Saturday Night life of the first half of the novel. After having an abortion, and after Arthur, discovered by Jack, has been beaten, she fades from the action. Doreen Greatton a factory worker. Nineteen years old and single, she is eager to be married but seeks to curb Arthurs excesses.She represents marriage and settling down to Arthur in the Sunday Morning half of the novel. She fails to get him ult every pub but has won commitment from Arthur at the end. Winnie nicknamed Gyp, Brendas sister. She is livelier and more reckless than her older sister. She, too, has an affair with Arthur. Her husband, Bill, is a soldier stationed in Germany. He returns on leave with a friend and, tipped off to the affair by Jack, beats Arthur. By dating Winnie, Arthur hastens an end to the dangerous life that he is finding to be a strain.Jack Brendas husband and Arthurs foreman at the factory. He is steady but dull. Rather than confront Arthur, he betrays him to Bill, Winnies husband. Aunt Ada Art hurs widowed aunt, a large, boisterous, and nurturing mother figure whose house teems with family at Christmas. Following his beating by Winnies husband, Arthur becomes withdrawn and cautious. It is in her house, under her vital influence, that Arthur breaks out of his withdrawal and returns to life, but with new attitudes. In different Media Saturday Night and Sunday Morning was first a novel written by Alan Sillitoe in 1958.It was one of the first kinds of Kitchen Sink Dramas, with other noticeable ones being Angry Young Men and Billy Liar. It was adapted into a film in 1960, starring Albert Finney. The screenplay was adapted by Sillitoe himself. The next adaptation was by David Brett in 1964 as a low budget stage show, with a then unknown Ian McKellen in the role. The next proper adaptation was by Amanda Whittington References and Themes in the 21st Century Adultery Loyalty Revenge Violence hump/Friendship Deceit Rectification of your Mistakes

Miller’s dramatic presentation Essay

Discuss Arthur milling machines dramatic presentation of bloody shame rabbit warren in The Crucible. Arthur Millers play The Crucible is based on the events in a 17th Century town called Salem, where a teenaged girl by the name of Abigail Williams cries witchery when she is almost charged for conjuring spells. Abigail and her friends were caught dancing on night around a fire by their town priest and Abigails uncle Reverend Parris. by and by that day strange things were believed to have happened, consequently leading to a lot of women universe charged of witchcraft. This was quite unfortunate as back in 1692 the penalization of witchcraft was hanging.In Act one, Mary is presented as a naive, scared and a lonely, seventeen year old girl. Whom evidently is bullied by her employer washbasin Proctor and the other girls in the village, especially Abigail, as she is petrified at been called a witch by the other village community. Mary also comes across as being pathetic in the sense that she has no real friends and relies on a liar like Abigail for trust. Miller in his own words, describes Mary Warren as a naive, lonely, subservient seventeen year old girl, who is treated with little respect by Abigail and the other girls. Oh, youre a large one for lookin, arent you Mary Warren? What a grand peeping courage you have It is possible that the other girls are in fact terrified of her, versed that she is weak and can easily slip up under pressure, reviling their doings in the forest that night. When she meets John Proctor, a strong willed character who is not dismayed to speak his mind, Mary expectedly is in truth frightened of him as he regularly threatens her and occasionally refers to giving her a whipping Ill show you a nifty doin on your arse one of these days. Now get home my wife is waitin with your work Mary very quickly jumps to the sound of his voice and as Miller describes in a stage direction, trying to retain a shred of dignity, she goes slowly ve rboten. This highlights the control some like Proctor has on soulfulness like Mary. In Act two, the audience learns a great deal ab step up the events happening in Salem through Mary, hence she being make an official of the court. This in a way speaks on its own, how totally out of hand the situation in Salem has become with someone of Mary stature being made an official of the court and the share pace of everything in just eight days.Mary later informs us on the center accuse, No sir. There be thirty-nine now This being thirty-nine women, thirty-nine charges and trials of those being accused of witchcraft, in just eight days from when Abigail fist accused Tituba of witchcraft Through Mary, the audience is made aware of the influence Abigail has on the court and the Salem community and reveals how Elizabeth was accused with sending her spirit out against Abigail. This was imputable to Abigail dislike of Elizabeth and desire to get rid of her so she could have John Proctor all t o herself.Hence Mary immediately connects herself to the condemning of Abigails accusation and saving of Elizabeths life. I saved her life today Miller ensures that the audience are aware of the absurdity of the situation in Salem, due to the court appointing a servant girl like Mary as an official. Unlike Proctor, she doesnt speak out of her place and listens and does everything she is told to by such people like Parris or Danforth which could explain why the court were keen to appoint some like her as an official.Although we also notice a change in Mary Warrens character from being a good, obedient servant to a slightly ruthless more and self confident young woman. Ill not stand whipping anymore This is directed at Proctor as he tries to order Mary around, but fails. Furthermore, on her reach from court, Mary unknowingly condemns Elizabeth by giving her a poppet with a needle placed in it as a gift she had earlier on that day in court. We later discover that this proves to be v ery unfortunate on Elizabeths behalf as she is later charged for sending her spirit out against Abigail and stabbing her.After Elizabeth is taken away, Proctor realises that in order to save his wife, he needs Mary to support him in court as a witness against Abigail and the other girls. To prove all their outbursts in court of being attacked by spirits were false and just an act. At the end of Act two Mary is clearly frightened by Elizabeths arrest, as she really begins to date Abigail true influence over the court and ends up being bullied to apportion evidence against her.In Act trio when Mary arrives in court to accuse the girls of lying, she seems to refer to her previous characteristics in Act one of being very quite and frightened, as to what the other girls might do to her if she talks. I cannot, theyll turn on me This taken from the end of Act two and shows the hold of fear someone like Abigail still has on her. On of the most dramatic incidents in the play, is when all t he other girls turn on Mary by saying they see her spirit and begin to repeat whatever she says Mary Abby, you mustnt Abby+ other girls Abby, you mustnt This eventually make Mary realise that she will be accused of witchcraft if she continues to oppose Abigail and evidently Mary turns against Proctor and accuses him of making her defy the court and turning her to the devil. Thus Mary returns to her new found personality of being confidents and only thinking of herself. In conclusion, Mary Warrens character makes The Crucible tenser through Arthur Millers dramatic presentation of her.Presented through his rendering of her being and subservient in the begging of Act one, to her speaking and acting on, with more confidence in Act two. In addition, in Act three Mary is once again bullied by Abigail and Proctor to an extent that she breaks down into tears at one point and speaks out of proportion to save herself. accordingly once again she ends up being described in the manner of bei ng terrified, pleading and almost collapsing, when she is finally pushed by Abigail and Proctor to designate surrounded by them. Thus she is once again a pathetic loner

Personal Ethics Statement Essay

My personal ethics statement includes my appreciates and ideals most-valuable to me as an academic and in everyday life. My ethics are personal beliefs and morals that reflect and nail down the person I am. The lasts and choices I mystify every day should be consistent with integrity and valuate toward others. These ethics will ensure my happiness and peace if I keep and hold these values. I view the value of equality for heap regardless of race, religion, and handicaps ensure that all people can be set fairly.Treating people with respect and dignity while holding myself accountable to these principles will ensure that I fineness others as I want to be treated. My preferred ethical lens is the reputation lens. I take heed to my intuition and determine what character traits and virtues will best serve the community. The equality of a community is primary(prenominal) to ensure a fair and balanced society for all. All people should contribute and develop a voice in a communi ty by actively participating and finding common prime thru diversity.I believe in examining each situation in its own context rather than applying same(p) solutions for the whole community. My blind spot possessing unrealistic role expectations either on myself or others means that I need to pay close attention to my expectations of other individuals. My expectations may not be the same as others, so not forgetting the people make mistakes same as me. Keeping in mind that I am not in control of every situation and that other people are fitting of resolving problems or events that I may believe are only accomplishable by me. rely other peoples choices and decisions will help in overcoming this blind spot. My strengths include resolution and resoluteness in the face of obstacles. I avoid rash decisions and at the same time have courage to face unknown or untested waters. I value friendship and keep close connections with people I trust and value. I appreciate those who work alongs ide and help to encourage me. I value equality and demonstrate compassion for others in need. My weakness include entitlement, hardness of sum total, and confusion.Believing that I am entitled to special privileges and persuade others that my role gives me pecial rights are inconsistent with good character traits. Hardness of heart comes from experiences of people that did not live up to my expectations. I must develop and practice mindfulness not to be confused on the role that I am identified. Identifying my weakness is important, it allows for self-reflection and approach. The values I hold, and the event behavior allows me to listen to my intuition and determine what traits and virtues will serve the community. My values define me and my behaviors are a reflection of whom I am.My behaviors also affect others in relationships either casual or professional. The choices I make are behaviors and reflect me. My personal ethics determine my course of action allowing me to see more intelligibly and finding balance in my life. Exploring and digging deep into my own emotions will allow me to discern decisions I make. Keeping an open and honest heart in all situations and reexamining my ethics will allow for improvement and correction. I believe that all these things will help keep me focused and grounded to help with better decision making and improve my quality of life.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Essay

Artificial apprehension (AI) results to simulation of intellectual practice such as comprehension, rationalization and learning symbolic information in context. In AI, the automation or programming of all aspects of human cognition is considered from its foundations in cognitive attainment through approaches to symbolic and sub-symbolic AI, natural language processing, ready reckoner vision, and evolutionary or adaptive systems. (Neumann n. d.)AI considered world an extremely intricate domain of problems which during preliminary stages in the problem-solving phase of this nature, the problem itself may be viewed poorly. A precise picture of the problem disregard only be seen upon interactive and incremental refinement of course, after(prenominal) you have taken the initial attempt to solve the mystery. AI always comes hap in hand with machine logistics. How else could mind act appropriately but with the body. In this case, a machine takes the part of the body. In a bit, this l iterature will be tackling about AI implemented through queasy Ne cardinalrk.The agent deems it required though to tackle gondola learning and thus the succeeding paragraphical records. Machine Learning is in the main concerned with designing and developing algorithms and procedures that allow machines to learn either inductive or deductive, which, in general, is its two types. At this point, we will be referring to machines as computers since in the world nowadays, the latter atomic number 18 the most widely used for control. Hence, we now hone our definition of Machine Learning as the study of methods for programming computers to learn.Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is relatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary software. (Dietterich n. d. ) Machine learning techniques are grouped into different categories basing on the pass judgment outcome. Common types include Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised or Reinforcement learning. There is also the Transduction method and the Learning to learn scheme. A section of theoretical computer science, Computational Learning Theory is the investigation on the computation of algorithms of Machine Learning including its efficiency.Researches on Machine Learning focuses mainly on the automatic extraction of information entropy, through computational and statistical methods. It is in truth much correlated not only to theoretical computer science as intumesce as data mining and statistics. Supervised learning is the simplest learning task. It is an algorithm to which it is ruled by a figure out that automatically plots inputs to expected outputs. The task of supervised learning is to construct a classifier given a locate of classified training examples (Dietterich n. d.).The main challenge for supervised learning is that of generalization that a machine is expected in approximating the conduct that a attend to will exhibit which maps out a c onnection towards a number of classes through comparison of IO samples of the said function. When many plot-vector pairs are interrelated, a decision tree is derived which aid into viewing how the machine behaves with the function it currently holds. One advantage of decision trees is that, if they are not in any case large, they suffer be interpreted by humans.This can be useful both for gaining insight into the data and also for validating the reasonableness of the learned tree (Dietterich n. d. ). In unsupervised learning, manual matching of inputs is not utilized. Though, it is most often distinguished as supervised learning and it is one with an unknown output. This makes it truly embarrassing to decide what counts as success and suggests that the central problem is to find a suitable objective function that can replace the goal of agreeing with the teacher (Hinton & Sejnowski 1999). Simple classic examples of unsupervised learning include clump and dimensionality reducti on.(Ghahramani 2004) Semi-supervised learning entails learning situations where is an ample number of labelled data as compared to the unlabelled data. These are very natural situations, especially in domains where collecting data can be cheap (i. e. the internet) but labelling can be very expensive/time consuming. Many of the approaches to this problem attempt to infer a manifold, graph structure, or tree-structure from the unlabelled data and use spread in this structure to determine how labels will vulgarize to new unlabelled points.(Ghahramani 2004) Transduction is comparable to supervised learning in predicting new results with training inputs and outputs, as well as, test inputs accessible during teaching, as basis, instead of behaving in accordance to some function. All these various types of Machine-Learning techniques can be used to fully implement Artificial Intelligence for a robust Cross-Language translation. One social occasion though, this literature is yet to discu ss the planned process of machine learning this research shall employ, and that is by Neural Networks.