Evaluating Eligibility Rules

All three are open 24/7 and each can accommodate up to twenty youths a night. As with cost kindly services, the de terminalining of financial and clinical eligibility is the deciding doer for these at-risk youth benefiting from the programs provided beyond emergency services. The services they provide after eligibility has been conventional are case management, physical and mental health services, chemical habituation services, legal assistance, school engagement, job readiness and assistance, and finding safe and constant housing.There are m each types of criteria that can be evaluated for a variety of incompatible compositions much(prenominal) as prior contributions, administrative rule, private contracts, professional discretion, legal decision, attachment to the studyforce, and means testing which are only circumstantial to eligibility rules as there are many forms of benefits and services which are only specific criteria to benefits and services such as standardization , quarry efficiency, trade-offs, cost-effectiveness, substitutability, coerciveness/intrusiveness.Some criteria specific to eligibility rules such as over-illuminations, overwhelming costs, off-targeting benefits and stigma/alienation are criteria specific benefits which are considered facial nerve enigmas that work against the achievement of a functional policy and programs and definitely work against adequacy, equity, and efficiency.These special problems are most often created by the presence of the eligibility rules which accept direct relation to those listed as special problems and if relevant to this organization they leave behind be discussed as evaluated for merit of its fit with the social problem excogitation that underlies the program or policy under consideration. For a program or policy to be a coherent solution to a social problem, those who receive the orgasms benefits and/or services must be included inwardly the group whom the social problem analysis Identif ies as having a problem, (Chambers Wedded, 2005, Chi. , p. 118). This military rank will cover the criteria for benefits and services and criteria for eligibility rules of this particular organizations social policies and programs. Already cognise are the benefit types which are affiliated with this particular organization olibanum with such benefit types also provides an implication of goals, and objectives for adequacy, equity, and efficiency. This organization meets he criteria for a Value-critical Appraisal of Social Policy Programs. Basic Policy Collectivities 1. Purposes. Long term & Short term. Manifest 1 1.Specific to goals and objectives (a) not Just service and pitch shot but the end product. (b) clarity, insurability, manipulability. Implications of goals and objectives for adequacy, equity, and efficiency. 3. Fit of goals and objectives with the social problem analysis problem definition and variables (consequences) in casual analysis. I Forms of Benefits and Servi ces 1 1. in-person social services (expert services)2. Hard benefits cash, goods, Commodities. Credits/vouchers. Subsidies. establishment loan guarantees. Protective regulations. Power over decisionsEach party donates or exchanges what the new(prenominal) needs or wants in which some come with specific stipulations. a good deal promises to contribute a certain amount to a certain organization indoors a specific allotment of time are do in order for them to receive what they are in need of now. The cocoon House has promised, demonstrated and provided the end result they proposed. Every business arrangement, any affiliations, and all involvements with are for the betterment of the at-risk youths and young adults that are homeless within Washington. Weakness in eligibility rules were not shown nor implicated.These rules were well-formed, clear and concise and most-likely will ward off any political intervention in the operation of the organization unless measuredly welcomed. Th e Judgment of the evaluated eligibility rules are believed to be fair and sufficient. They are believed to be such because they fit with the social problem analysis and problem definition/ target group specifications along with the Reference Chambers, D. E. , & Wedded, K. R. (2005). Social Policy and Social Programs A Method for the Practical Public Policy Analyst (thee. ). Boston, MA Allan and Bacon

Christmas and Women Essay

It was not the dangerous work which he hated, nor the penalty and injurist. He was used to that before he ever saw either of them. He expected no less, and so he was neither outraged nor surprised. It was the cleaning wo existence that soft kindness which he believed himself doomed to be forever victim of and which he hated worse than he did the hard and ruthless justice of men. (Faulkner 158) In William Faulkners Light in August, Joe Christmass misogynistic view towards women has argue behind it, based on his negative past with significant young-bearing(prenominal) characters.The above quote emphasizes his feelings towards women, describing how Joe is able to handle the harshness of a man, just now cannot stand the abstemious and nurturing nature of a fair sex. Moreover, he believes women are save out to see him cry, as we see with his attitude towards the dietitian and Mrs. McEachern. everywhere the course of his life, beginning with the absence of a bugger clear up , Joe has been impacted by several(prenominal) womanly influences, from a brief stint with an orphan girl, Alice, up to his neglect of a relationship with his pay back, Millie.These women wipe out led to Joes distrust and dainty hate of femininity. Alice, a twelve year-old girl from the orphanage, is his branch encounter with a maternal figure. Joe relies on Alice as a supportive comfort, as he does not nominate a mother or any pornographic figure to turn to, for that matter. He had liked her, enough to let her mother him a little perhaps because of it. And so to him she was as mature, almost as large in size, as the adult women who ordered his eating and backwash and sleeping, with the difference she was not and never would be his enemy.One night she waked him. She was grave him goodbye besides he did not know it. He was sleepy and a little annoyed, never full awake, suffering her because she had always well-tried to be good to him. He didnt know that she was crying bec ause he did not know that g course of studyn people cried, and by the time he learned that, memory had forgotten her. He went back into sleep darn still suffering her, and the next morning she was g wholeness. Vanished, no trace of her left, not even a garment, the very bed in which she had slept already industrious by a new boy.He never did know where she went to. (Faulkner 127-8) When Alice leaves, Joe is mistake and feels lost. He then has no one to rely on, learn from, or be close to, in such a setting. With this experience, he feels as if women are unpredictable and will leave at any habituated point. There is not consistency in relationships with them and, in that respectfore, they cannot be trusted. The incident speaks volumes of what the child at the orphanage had lacked, the lack that was to warp him away from womankind (Brooks xxiii).It is understandable that this abandonment could shake such an impression on a young intellect with no real stability in his life. T he Freudian theory applies here, with the supposition that childhood experiences mold an individual most significantly and they determine the attitudes and perceptions of utter individuals in their futures. (Hamblin and Peek 303) Also at the orphanage is the dietitian, who is another female influence, contributing to Christmass misogynistic attitude. After Joe has been caught consuming pink toothpaste, he expects punishment.However, she does not reprimand him right away and he agonizes over the anticipation. It never occurred to her that he believed that he was the one who had been taken in sin and was being tortured with punishment deferred and that he was specifyting himself in her way in order to stand by it over with, get his whipping and strike the balance and write it off (Faulkner 115). This is when he first gets the idea that women are that out to make him cry. He believes that the dietitian is intentionally torturing him by not immediately carrying through with a puni shment for his wrongdoings.The action which adds salt to the wound is when the dietitian, accept that the boy will convey his knowledge of her amorous actions to an orphanage authority, tries to bounty him with money. Therefore, Joe becomes confused and unsure of what to do. This only emphasizes the notion that women are unpredictable and hard to read, and that they possibly represent temptation.When Joe leaves the orphanage, he moves into the country with Mr. and Mrs. McEachern. It is possible that he would have responded positively to Mrs.McEacherns nurturing manner had he not dealt with those negative incidents with female figures at the orphanage. However, whenever Mrs. McEachern tries to show kindness towards Joe, he retaliates with acts of cruelty, such as when she offers him furtheste and he dumps it on the floor angrily. Later, Joe says to himself She is trying to make me cry, he thought, lying cold and rigid in his bed, his hands beneath his gaffer and the moonlight fa lling across his body, hearing the steady murmur of the mans voice as it mounted the stairway on its first heavenward stage She was trying to make me cry.Then she thinks that they would have had me (Faulkner 158). By relying on her, Joe thinks that he would show weakness. He can handle McEacherns harsh ways, but the weakness of Mrs. McEachern disgusts him. He fears displaying weakness, perhaps because he is weak in not knowing his past and not understanding who he is through his adolescence. Because he does not know his parentage, he defends not only with his racial identity, but his personal identity as well. And, the more Mrs. McEachern attempts to mother Christmas, the further her pushes her away (Schisler 2008).Throughout Joes young adult years, he has relationships with several women, namely prostitutes (or waitresses). He routinely tells them of his racial status, either to spite or disgust them or to test their feelings toward him. With these reactions, he travels from woma n to woman to find his identity. However, his first real love is with the waitress, Bobbie Allen. Joes initial standoff is to her manly features, such as her masculine hands. He tells her that he is ploughshare Negro to test her love for him. He sincerely opens up to her often, but when she ultimately rejects him, he is crushed.She could have been the one to save him from his hatred of women and his abominable past. A contribution to their relationship is Joes distance from nature. He is far from nature, the raw(a) representation of femininity (Brooks xvii), and he does not accept the natural processes of life. Thus, he gets frightened and frustrated and runs away. In the notseeing and hardknowing as though in a cave he seemed to see a diminishing row of suavely shaped urns in moonlight, blanched. And not one was perfect. Each one was cracked and from each crack there issued some liquid, death-colored, and foul.He touched(p) a tree, leaning his propped arms against it, seeing t he ranked and moonlight urns. He vomited (Faulkner 208-9). These urns are a metaphor for women and femininity, in relation to Greek books and the Bible (Bleikasten 286). Their cracked state and oozing liquid represents that Bobbie is no eight-day alluring and it shows Joes perception of women and how he expects them to be perfect, when he subconsciously knows that they are not. The feminine atmosphere has caused him to vomit, as he is disgusted by Bobbie and the natural processes of life.Furthermore, there is probably the most influential female social function in the novel, Miss Joanna inwardness. Miss Burden is Joes strongest lover randyly. Again, he is attracted to her masculine qualities, not only physically, but personality-wise. During her first encounter with Joe, she takes her rape like a man and does not struggle or put emotion into it. She is predictable and follows a routine, much like a man, which Joe admires. Burdens struggling betrays no feminine vacillation, no coyness of apparent desire and intention to succumb at last.It was as if he struggled physically with another man for an object of no actual value to either, and for which they struggled on principle alone. Also, she is a social outcast and is a pariah from the community, overlap a mans alienation, much like Joe Christmas (Brooks xvi). In Burden, Joe could have stability to support his shaky lifestyle and troublesome past. However, their relationship is sunk because they both believe the only way it can end is in murder. Hence, Joe must kill Joanna in self-defense, fear, and love. This is the end of Joes amorous relationships for the sojourn of his life.Furthermore, Joe has been impacted by a woman who was not even there throughout the course of his life. His mother, Millie, influenced his heritage by having relations with his father. This determines his entire struggle for identity and the issues with his race in the novel and his complete lifetime. In addition, her absence as he grows up gives him no maternal love or comfort as a young child. Perhaps if she had shown him that he could have healthy relationships with women, he could see that many females can be gorgeous and trustworthy people.Overall, Joes misogynistic attitude has been shaped by years of emotional abuse and love lost. His absence of a maternal figure when he was young and the abandonment of Alice, the only person he ever authentically trusted and went to for comfort, taught him that women were unpredictable. His amorous relationships with Bobbie and Joanna taught him that, while a woman may pop out attractive with masculine and predictable qualities, she is ultimately still a woman, and, therefore, untrusty and weak. All of these elements combine Joe and who he is, his outlooks of life, and the course his life takes.

Ap Euro Dbq

Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The xxx days War devastated altogether of Europe from 1618-1648. The thirty Years war was in the main fought throughout Central Europe and involved to the highest degree of the countries in Europe. The origins of the negate and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be draw as the main reason for the fighting. Initially, it was fought largely as a phantasmal war between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman conglomerate, although disputes over subjective politics and the balance of power within the Empire played a significant part.A major consequence of the Thirty Years War was the devastation of whole regions, denuded by the foraging armies. Famine and disease significantly fall the universe of the German states and Bohemia, the Low Countries, and Italy, and just about of the combatant powers were bankrupted. These statements and the thirty old age war all led to The fall of Spain, Frances aggre ssion to win, and absolutism in France. In the two treaties of the Thirty Years War, France replaced Spain as the most powerful country in Europe. Spain was unable to recover so quickly from her long losses she was not only without funds, but without credit, incapable of any(prenominal) great effort in terms of m peerlessy or man-powerHer tabby was old and in dubious health he had just one son, young and rather feeble Document 3, this was said by index Louis xiv. Louis XIV shows bias in this enter by presenting the flaws and exaggerating Spains military position making it depend like Spain was going to fall and no one will be/is there to rule it. He made it perceivem like there was no competition, only him left.The Spanish navy was naughtily crushed and Portugal revolted against Spanish rule, corrupting Ferdinand II. Louis XIV aggression to win most made huge statements across Europe. King Louis XIV in document 3 along with document 5 shows tons of bias he only duologu e about how great France is and how they wouldnt make it without his foreseeing and support. France had galore(postnominal) allies during the thirty years war for example, France. King Louis XIV talks about how he couldnt have won just, but it was generally his success. In the course of this war I flatter myself that I present what France, unaided, can achieveAll of my subjects supported me to the best of their ability in the armies, by their valour, in my kingdom, by their zeal, and in foreign lands Document 5. Louis XIV was very one sided and believed France was above everyone else. In addition, France was backed by Sweden, from what you see in Document 2 Sweden soldiers thought of peasants as sub-human and believed they freely personation without judgment.After the thirty years war was over, France sprung into the age of absolutism. King Louis XIV fought to winnow out Protestants and the practicing of their faith in France. King Louis XIVs ideas were always regard and no o ne dared to cross judge his ideas as said in Document 7, All the eyes are fixed on him alone it is to him that all the wishes are addressed he alone receives all the view he alone is the object of all hopes Even though France had a Protestant population, Louis XIV wanted France to be pure of Protestants and their believings.The Thirtys Years war devastated all of Europe financially, economically, and politically. So great was the devastation brought about by the war that estimates put the reduction of population in theGerman states. Catholics and Protestants went to war in the Holy Roman Empire due to the power struggle that could hold on no longer. France was altogether bankrupted (Document 9) and sent famine across Europe. The thirty years war all led to The fall of Spain, Frances aggression to win, and absolutism in France.

Government Regulation Essay

giving medication legislation in business today is vital because it attempts to create a level playing field for companies competing against one an some new(prenominal) and regulate genuine business practices toward the consumers. It is important to for any business to understand how government dominion affects their fabrication and how they intend to run their lodge.Industrial law is the government regulating of an entire industry. The purpose of industry regulation is for a an entity to watch an industrys prices and products to make indisputable that they do not create a monopoly or take advantage of consumers. There atomic number 18 basic each(prenominal)y ii kinds of regulation, price regulation and genial regulation. Price regulation is regulation order towards industries that study tendencies that may produce a monopoly. The industries that price regulation agencies monitoring device ar the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), which be basically respo nsible for monitoring gas and oil pipelines and other energy base industries the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), who argon supposed to regulate television, telephones, and other areas of communication and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), who regulates financial markets. societal regulation monitors the conditions where goods and serve are produced, the safety of those items produced, as well how the production of those good qualification affect society.The industries that hearty regulation agencies are worried about are the nutrient and Drug Administration (FDA), Environmental security measures Agency (EPA), and the equate Employment hazard Commission (EEOC). The main purpose behind these organizations is to catamenia monopolies from cosmos organise and to control the set of the products or proceedss because these industries have elements that may potentially create a monopoly. The affect that government industrial regulation has on the market wil l vary depending on several(prenominal) different variables such as how antitrust laws are interpreted, the administration enforcing the laws, taxation, and how strictly the laws are apply. The purpose of the government regulation is to ensure monopolies arent formed and to make surethat prices and products arent taking advantage of customers. They also indispensableness to make sure that oligopolies are not formed to make sure there is not too much power over pricing and also to promote fair and healthy market competition. Depending how the laws are enforced will help mold how much of an impact there is to a veritable market. The idea is to strive for equality and integrity in certain industries.Knowing how courts are interpreting antitrust laws and how they affect a firms particularized industry is important to understand when making business decisions for a caller-up along with knowing the boundaries for where regulatory agencies may consider a monopoly or oligopoly could potentially be formed by having too much control. Social regulation is served with monitoring the conditions under which goods and services are produced, the safety of the goods being produced, and any effects production may have on society. The mixer regulatory agencies are the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Social regulation is different from pricing regulation because tender regulation applies to almost all firms and is not designed for the specific purpose of stopping a monopoly. i grammatical showcase would be when the Occupational condom and Health Administration (OSHA) decide to issue a requirement that all workers have periodic shiver from work, it would apply to all firms in the fall in States who are under OSHAs control. On the other hand, pricing regulation would not.People who are irrelevant to social regulation believe that regulation carries a steep adminis trative cost and that those costs actually hurt consumers more than the regulation actually helps. They think this happens because the social regulation laws are often poorly written and very difficult to interpret or enforce. Those who back social regulation do agree with some of what the naysayers think but they believe that the benefits of social regulation are worth the high costs and that regulation solely needs to be improved. They think that social regulation has made manufacturing a lot safer in the United States and reduced dissimilarity within the work plant. both(prenominal) sides have valid arguments however to actually judge between these both views is very difficult because accurately figuring out the costs or benefits is pretty much impossible. (Colander 2010). A natural monopoly is an industry in which portentous economies of shield make the existence of more than one firm inefficient. Anexample of a natural monopoly is AT&T. Up until 1982 AT&T was what was called a regulated monopoly. It had the exclusive right to provide telephone service in the United States.AT&T controlled 90 percent of the telecommunications market long-distance call and local telephone service, and the production of telephones themselves as well as other communication equipment. AT&T was usen this right because it was felt that economies of scale made supplying telephone service a natural monopoly. telephony service required every house to be connected with lines. These lines had to be buried underground or strung overhead on poles so it didnt make sense to have more than one company installing separate lines. The government also decided that telephone service should to be available to all everyone, still those who live in inappropriate areas, where service costs more to provide. An unregulated company in a similar position probably would have practiced skimming, which in this case would have been to provide service to low-cost areas and avoiding high-cost areas. AT&T was allowed to come to as a monopoly but they were subject to regulatory control by the Federal Communications Commission. This government regulation was put in place in order to limit the companys profit to a fair level and prevent AT&T from abusing its monopoly. AT&Ts business was also limited to telephone service.Under AT&Ts monopoly, phone service in the United States was the best and cheapest in the world at the time. Even if phone service was more expensive than it actually needed to be, most agreed that the system worked well. (Colander 2010). antimonopoly policy is basically the governments policy towards the competitive process. The United States antitrust laws were put in place by both federal official and state governments in order to regulate corporations. These policies intend to keep companies from seemly too large and stop them from fixing prices. These laws also attempt to give businesses an equal opportunity to compete in a market. There are four maj or parts of legislation that are known as the antitrust laws. In the United States these laws basically began with the Sherman just Act of 1890. The Sherman Antitrust Act stopped limits on competitive trade and made it penal to form a monopoly. The nest next antitrust act was the Clayton Act, which was passed in 1914. The Clayton Act protects against mergers or acquisitions that would either greatly decrease competition or offer the threat of becoming a monopoly. Another major subdivision of legislation was theRobinson-Patman Act from 1036, which made it illegal to practice price disparity by allowing some businesses to purchase products at lower prices than other businesses.The break of the four pieces of legislations to the antitrust laws is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which was formed in 1914. The FTC was created to enforce the countrys antitrust laws. Many of the antitrust laws are not very specific and can be hard to interpret. The FTCs job is to interpret the laws and enforce them. The three main regulatory commissions of social regulation are the Food and Drug Administration, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Occupational gumshoe and Health Administration. These three commissions watch over social regulation in different ways. The FDA stops drugs from being sold until there is enough information about the effects of the drug can be determined. The FDA often takes a long time to test and go by dint of the approval process. They FDA can take up to five or even ten years to approve a drug and it is a very costly process. Because this is such a lengthy and expensive process it ordinarily means higher priced drugs for consumers. The next commission to discuss is the EEOC. This is the commission that regulates discrimination in the workplace.The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on criteria such as various(prenominal)s race, color, nationality, religion, sex, age, or disability. The final commission to look at is OSHA. OSHA is essentially responsible for regulating health and safety of workers within the workplace. The five basal federal regulatory commissions that govern social regulation are the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), The Equal Employment Opportunity (EEOC), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). The major functions of these agencies are to monitor the conditions under which goods and services are produced, the safety of those goods, and the side effects of production on society.Works CitedColander, David C. political economy Eighth Edition San Francisco McGraw-Hill Irwin 2010.

Definition of Curriculum Paper Essay

In describing the definition of course of instruction there are several definitions. It washstand be describe as a formal education, a plan interaction of pupils with structural content materials, the political platform as resources and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives and outcomes. Some Educators definition of program is based on individual philosophical beliefs and the emphasis placed on specific aspects of education. The processes and experiences to facilitate learning for tralatitious and adult learners, resources used and the extent of responsibility for learning assumed by the teacher and the learner (Billings & Halstead, 2009).There are various types of curriculum much(prenominal) as, official operational, illegitimate and hidden curriculum. An official curriculum includes the stated curriculum framework with philosophy and mission with lists of outcomes, competencies and objectives. The illegitimate curriculum is know and actively taugh t by faculty yet not evaluated because descriptors of the behaviors are lacking, such as caring. The hidden curriculum consists of values and beliefs taught through verbal and nonverbal conversation by the faculty. Faculty may be unaware of what is taught through expressions, priorities, and interactions with students (Billings & Halstead, 2009). curriculum FocusMy curriculum focus would be good education curriculum geared towards knowledge and skill building to prepare for employability. The vocational and practiced areas are great beginnings for those students with limited financial resources and primary educational training. The technical curriculum empowers students and encourages to be successful contributors for their communities. The need for technical trained effect isincreasing and technical trained personnel are employed earlier than those graduating from college. There is an increasing need for colleges and technical training institutes to update their curriculum so that it reflects the growth in technology (Howell, 2005, para. 1).ReferencesBillings, D. M., & Halstead, J. A. (2009). Curriculum Development. In pedagogy in Nursing A Guide For Faculty (4th ed., pp. 75-83). Howell, R. (2005). Designing and growing Technical Curriculum Finding the Right Subject Matter Expert. Retrieved , from

Best Practices Essay

Historically, minority groups have been ardent supporters of and advocates for high-quality unrestricted education. coloured efforts to gain systemic equality in educational policies and practices are head known the battles for equal per-pupil expenditures teachers salaries length of initiate terms expenditures for buildings, facilities, equipment, and books curricular offerings and so on.As a result of these efforts and of political and economic changes commonwealthally and inter field of studyly, get up has been made with respect to ending legally imposed civilize segregation, as well as increasing minority participation in reading for longer periods of time, that is, raising the median years of civiliseing completed. This paper aims to chance on three best practices which assist the educational progress of minorities.Since public school desegregation began in the mid-1960s, urban school returns is considered to be oneness of the most contri howevering factors for the p rogress of minorities in educational sector. Black educators and their likeminded ally have much and more than taken the lead in urban school improvement. One facet of this movement has been the study of schools that are efficaciously educating urban poor bootleg children and making recommendations to other schools that want to replicate effective policies and programs.Researchers like Ronald R. Edmonds, George Weber and Daniel U. Levine began by identifying public schools that were effectively teaching black children and pinpointed their common characteristics, namely strong administrative leadership orderly but flexible atmosphere, conducive to instruction philosophy that acquiring basic schoolman skills is the first order of business climate of high expectations, and continuous observe and evaluation of pupil progress with instructional strategies redesigned as needed (Mohanty, 1994).Achievements of urban school improvements were particularly evident in the middle of 1990s , for instance the information indicated signifi targett subjoin in in the raw York schools where 70 percent or more of the students achieved reading scores at or above frame level for three years (Iram & Wahrman, 2003119). The second important practice impart to educational progress of minorities is initiation and further development of various improvement projects targeting directly minority students and their teachers.In the beginning of 1990s for instance, Chicago instituted a plan for compassy learning in reading to correct the general problem of low reading exploit. The program provided teachers with comprehensive instructional activities, alike student learning activities, formative tests for instructional feedback, and corrective instructional activities for those students who failed to master objectives. A criterion referenced testing program served as the background for instruction, promotion, and administrative monitoring (Bjork et al, 1994).The New Jersey lear ning Association (NJEA) in 1996 instituted a shallow Effectiveness Training Program designed to increase student achievement. The results from this program showed lower lag absenteeism, high participation of staff in instructional decisions, greater involvement of staff in school activities, reduced costs for vandalism, discover management, and higher staff and student esprit de corps (McNeely, 1985). The final practice, very important in terms of progress performed by minorities in education is giving a preference to mystical schooling than public.It must be emphasized that during the past two decades it has become increasingly apparent that larger numbers of minority adults are selecting private schools for their young. In their desire to obtain the best possible education for their young, they choose private schools, including minority independent schools. These parents say they believe private schools provide their children with better basic skills instruction, cultivate higher order thinking skills, have higher academic standards, and prepare their children for college or the work place more successfully. cultivate improvement for them slosheds leaving public schools. As Slaughter and Schneider points divulge (198617) black parents choice of private schools is less of a rejection of public schooling, and more of an evolution of a new strategy for insuring future levels of sustained and/or upward mobility for the family. Increased minority departure from public schools, however, may mean that the more supportive, motivated, caring, and accomplished parents and their children (regardless of income) are not involved in the public school system and that the system is the loser in the process (Henig et al. , 1999).From the captious perspective, minority individuals and communities must consider the costs and benefits of education in nonpublic schools compared with education in public schools not only for themselves, but for the nation at large. At the same time, public schools must make more headway in school improvement if they want to retain the conventional support they have long enjoyed from black families.Many minority students can attain standards of excellence if school improvement policies and programs such as those expound above are retained, consistently used, refined, and modified. Individual schools will find that their achievement levels and test scores improve, and that many of them can attain local and national norms even if their populations are poor, or black, or Hispanic, or both. These standards can be achieved without excluding any student from an equal opportunity to be educated. Our country put away has a long way to go to realize equity in the schoolrooms of our nation.All students need an equal chance to learn, which means providing equity in financing schools and programs providing competent, caring teachers retaining proven, compensatory programs and relating curriculum subject matter to coping wi th real-life situations and problems. References Bjork L. et al (1994). Minorities in Higher gentility, Oryx Press Henig J. , Hula R. , Orr M. , Pedescleaux D. (1999). The Color of give instruction Reform Race, Politics, and the Challenge of Urban Education, Princeton University Press Iram Y. & Wahrman H. (2003).Education of Minorities and Peace Education in Pluralistic Societies, Hillel Praeger, 2003 Mohanty, C. T. (1994). On Race and Voice Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990s. In H. A. Giroux and P. McLaren (Eds. ), Between Borders Pedagogy and the Politics of Cultural Studies (145-166). New York Routledge Slaughter D. T. , & Schneider B. L. (1986). Newcomers Blacks in private schools. Final Report to the National form of Education (Grant No. NIE-G-82-0040, Project No. 2- 0450). Evanston, IL Northwestern University, School of Education

Samuel Adams

Samuel Adams An American View of the Stamp good turn Samuel Adams writes a garner to his English friend, rear Smith, crusadeing the Americans side of the new-fashi id imperial appraiseation and control. He describes the colonists look ating of the behave as twain burdensome and unconstitutional. They feel as if they be not delineate as they should be and that their rights as Englishmen are being taken away from them. He goes on to say that Parliament cannot tax them consistent with the constitution because they are not represented. In 1765 England passed a new law called the Stamp Act.This act was meant to replace the sugar act because that act did not work. It taxed all printed items. England mat that they unavoidable to tax the colonies because the colonies were still a part of England and felt that they needed to garter pay for the debt that they were in for the war that they had helped fight for the colonies. Benjamin Franklin proposed that if England was to tax the colonies, then they wanted members in the legislature so they could be virtuoso people. However, politicians rejected this idea and called Franklin a radical.England felt like the colonies were al trainy represented enough because they had virtual representation and didnt need to have geographical representation. England said that geographic representation would cost them too much while and hardly any laws would be passed. In this letter Adams says England is increasing their condition and wealth at the colonies expense. He argues against the point that England makes saying that the war was to defend the colonies, saying that England didnt do it for the colonies, but more for advancing their ruler and glory.Samuel Adams had a bias towards the American side. Originally the audience was his friend John Smith. However, since this letter has been published it is more aimed towards the English because it is refuting their side of the Stamp Act and how they thought of it. Samuel Adam s is trying to get his point across that he and the respire of America feel under represented. I think that the meaning of this record is to let people know that there is just more than one side to the different acts that England was passing.There was an English side as well as an American side. The point was to show us the different views of each(prenominal) side, and help us realize that it was more of a misunderstanding rather than England abstracted to take all control, and America wanting to break away from England. I think that one of the biggest misconceptions most people get from these different acts that finally led to the revolution, was that America wanted to separate from England. However, this wasnt the case. America actually wanted to stay a part of the English Empire.America and England just could neer see eye to eye, for example how each of them saw Americas representation. This letter helped me snap off understand why this all these small acts at long last l ed up to the American revolution. It made me realize that a mint candy of history is bias. Usually people only hear or read about one side of things and dont really think about listening to the other side. To really understand history and better understand why something happened the way it did, its better to study each side of it.

Marketing Report Bokomo Foods Essay

1.0. A decl atomic number 18 presenting aliment foodstuff data in decree to inform a texture comp whatsoever Bokomo Ltd. To consider whether to expand very much in the United dry land market.2.0 Executive summary.This is a short report, containing selling data on some(prenominal) the ce satisfying market and a specific stage business, Bokomo UK. The data was obtained from secondary marketing seek. Bokomos website was one of the chief(prenominal) reference guide. With the findings and psycho synopsis, it was recommended that Bokomo should expand their birth gull products much in the UK.The pesterer analysis of the UK mart industriousness include in this report was used to highlight the external constituents that dope come to Bokomos operation and interpret how these factors depart influence Bokomo.Furthermore, by dint of the market analysis it was found that Kelloggs and Weetabix mainly h superannuated up the cereal application, followed by Nestle and Jordan s. These companies be gift a wide rank of blurs patsyed at distinguishable consumers, and they reach customer loyalty, which can take out it harder for newer companies to enter this sector. As mentioned before, in the cereal market there ar a full-grown assortment of targeted consumers like children, women, and families. The main key trends in the market atomic number 18 comfortable snacks and consciousness towards wellness. asunder from that, own mark labels be in any case gaining popularity as they cover consumers the resembling product at a cheaper footing.SWOT analysis allowed us to devise the gilds inwrought analysis. Strengths included their long-familiar reputation and customers such(prenominal) as large food retailers (Tescos), to which they sell be and packaging services. Weaknesses consist of the negative looks the play along faces, including their non syndicate name, and familiar negative publicity they face in this complex sector. Opportunitie s were devised from the social factors from the PEST analysis as changes in consumer tastes and trends are opportunities were this confederacy can arrive at from by meeting those needs. These were as well asan important dispel of the report as it affected the lowest recommendations for the company. Threats included the financial recession and increase levels of immigration.Bokomo nutrients is a major cereal producer in the United Kingdom, established most 80 historic period ago. Despite non being a household name, is a UK leaders cereal maker and the company has achieved diversity by producing a ordain of own-label products. Furthermore, they manufacture fooled products for large companies, as hearty as branded packaging services like Bag in Box, Pot or Pouch. All of these services are for track retailers such as Tescos, Sainsburys and Morrisons, among umteen an former(a)wise(prenominal) others.3.0 Introduction + Aim.This is a report whose count on is to present mar ket data in order to inform Bokomo plc. a cereal company, whether further expansion in the UK market is beneficial at this m. The report leave identify and analyse the current business situation, using SWOT analysis, and review the macroeconomic perspective of the general UK marketplace persistence using PEST analysis. The SWOT analysis leave behind help us examine the specific company factors, as it is essential to determine these in order to relate them back to the PEST and market trends. Both internal and external factors affect how Bokomo will ope come in now and in the future.4.0 The grocery market environment PEST analysis4.1 PoliticalPolitical factors pull in a great influence on the analysis of external factors since they are determined by the degree of government intervention in the economy. The policy- reservation situation in the UK is stable. Her Majestys Government, led by ready Minister David Cameron of the Conservative Party, is mainly concerned about the f inancial crisis touch economies all over the cosmos and to strengthen the economic position of UK globally. through and through employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a commix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs tohighly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994).Migration has a large impaction on the grocery industry, as it provides new customers, as well as opportunities for supermarkets to cater to the various culinary cultures of immigrants. Migration also leads to a change in size of labour pool, which could have an effect on the availability of workers. Latest figures from the Office for National Statistics show some 503,000 bulk came to live in the UK in the year ending June 2013, compared with 517,000 people the preceding year (ONS.gov, 2013).4.2 EconomicEconomic factors are important to consider in regard to the UK grocery market, as they are highly influential to engage, costs, p rices, and profit. genius of the most influential factors on the economy is high unemployment level, which go downs the effective guide for many goods, adversely affecting the demand required to produce such goods. Unemployment in the UK is at 7.1% as of January 2014, according to BBC. other highly germane(predicate) economic factor is the grocery market size and the market proceeds. immunoglobulin D forecast that the UK grocery market value will be charge 205.9bn in 2018, a 21.3% increase on 2013 (IGD.com, 2013).This is beneficial news to Bokomo, since any expansion would be possible in regard to the availability of plain in the market to expand. another(prenominal) market characteristic of importance is the carry on down of expense on groceries in regard to overall retail using up in the UK. The grocery markets share accounts for 54.9p in to each one 1 of UK retail spending (IGD.com, 2013).4.3 SocialAccording to Askew (2013) gross revenue in the cereal industry have b een under pressure in these past years, especially due to the changing social trends and habits of consumers. Even though gross sales in this market have been stable, growth has been slow. Traditional eat habits have changed and people consume fewer cereals because of a busier lifestyle. Also change magnitude number of consumers neglect eat. An increase in female workers has also had an impact on this, which is why competition for favorable options is growingmore each time. An increasing number of people now look for easy and lovesome alternatives to sitting down and eating.However, they expect to receive the same nutrients and healthy benefits with these convenient options. A growing number of women now pay special charge to what they are eating, checking the labeling, nutritional randomness and ingredients of each product. Increasingly, women have a great concern with their weight and healthy eating.Lately, the demand for childrens cereals has dec flexured because of th e staff of life pith it has. texture companies use marketing to their advantage and attract kids with unhealthy products. Their main source has been television adverts and most of the cereals for children have high sugar meaning with low nutritional value, a fact of which more parents are aware.Apart from consumer concerns about health, they are also becoming more aware of the environment. In this specific market, many cereal companies now authorization their water use, postal code use, waste produced, etc. Most of them also pay close vigilance to the packaging of the product, like using recycled packaging.Another social factor that affects the grocery market in general is the diverse culture in UK. in that location are so many people with different cultures that do not choose cereals as their first choice for breakfast instead they have their own eating habits. Therefore, it is important for the producers in the grocery market to understand the needs of the entire populatio n and meet them.Furthermore, supermarket own-brand products have gained a megabucks of popularity because of the economic downturn. As consumers have limited spending power, they prefer spending on a cheaper product that allows them to get the same benefits.4.4 TechnologicalIn the present technological age, everyone, from personal to professionalinteraction, is highly reliant on technology. Therefore, technological advances are important for the development and maintenance of business culture. Advances in technology have allowed the grocery industry to grow. An excellent example is the destruction of Blockbuster, who was reluctant to explore online options, and their consequent refusal to buy Netflix and to adapt to changing trends lead to their bankruptcy and final closure on January 14, 2014. Online grocery shopping holds 11% of the distribution channels of the UK grocery market and predictions suggest online sales in the US will grow by 15% in 2014 to 189.3 billion, charm in E urope, sales are expected to rise by 18% to 131.2 billion.Online shopping has helped people spend their day more expeditiously and reduce the effort of having to carry heavy grocery bags. Technological advances at the supermarket has contributed to more efficient customer service and stocking efforts. The adoption of Electronic Point of deal (EPoS), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improve the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier (Finch, 2004). Devices such as the self-checkout machine and Radio frequence Identification (RFID) have permitted the grocery industry to grow and accommodate customers in an effective way.5.0 Description of product specific market5.1 Main competitorsThe leading cereal brands and the biggest competitors of Bokomo cereals in the UK are Kelloggs and Weetabix, reported Companies&Markets (2013). Kelloggs arrived in the UK in 1922 a nd since then has maintained its position in the market, by counselling on innovation and expansion of their products. In 2012, it had 32% of value share, leading in the UK cereal market bring home the baconing a wide range of products. Over the years, Kelloggs has expanded to over 180 countries in the world and has around 39 brands of cereals.Weetabix, on the other hand, was launched in 1932 it has been along-standing brand and has fought its competitors to stay in this position in the UK. Weetabix has also introduced many different brands and has been innovating to adapt to consumer preferences over the years.Also Jordans, a breakfast cereal company based in Bedfordshire, founded in 1855. Although, the company produced its first cereal in 1981 called Original Crunchy, it was in the years between 2000 and 2005 when it faced rapid growth and became one of the largest cereal brands in the UK. Its great focus over the years has been on the packaging, to make it stand out in grocery stores and it is also known to be included in the healthy, natural cereal constituent Moreover, Nestle formed in 1990. It was launched as a joint peril between General Mills and Nestle S.A. and named cereal Partners Worldwide (CPW). They offer the traditional cereals, as well as a range of brands including the world-known Cheerios.5.2 Targeted consumersCereal companies target many different kinds of people, although the easiest group of people to target has been children. BMSG (2013) verbalize they do it through advertisements on television, and somehow try to grab their help by creating colourful, animated images and providing gifts in the cereal box each time.Another group targeted in this sector are the women because of their increasing concern for health and weight loss. Along with the children, women also form a big part of the consumers of this market. Nowadays, there are so many brands that have launched low-fat cereals and cereal bars also. Some also provide some advic e, tips and dietary plans, Nytimes clause (2010). Generally, families in the UK are also targeted consumers because some families still sit and have their meals together and believe that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Apart from that, families are more concerned with what they are eating, especially making sure that the smaller ones eat healthy (Marketingmagazine(2010) Unlike maybe some students at university who would not pay so much attention to their breakfast, particularly not on a daily basis.5.3 Key trends in the cereal marketMarketingmagazine (2008) declared A rising key trend in the cereal industry is the quick and convenient good to go snacks, like cereal bars. Cereal bars have gained a lot of popularity among a wide range of audience in recent years because people not having time for breakfast. Due to this reason, there has been a significant decline in the sales of the cereal market. Companies have been mostly focusing on this convenient aspect of the market so that people dont equitable skip breakfast entirely and their business doesnt face a loss. As health also plays a crucial role in this market and recently people are more conscious about what they are putting in their body, convenient snacks are the best option as they cover both points.Nowadays, good to go snacks are not just used for breakfast but also during the entire day as an alternative to other unhealthy snacks. As a result of the sudden popularity of these snacks, now there are a great variety of them in different formats. On the other hand, the popularity of own branded labels is growing in the grocery market. It saves consumers a significant amount of money and they offer a similar or better superior product. It has resulted in a much higher level of competition in the market.5.4 SWOT AnalysisBokomo website (2014)5.4.1 StrengthsBokomo is UKs leading cereal maker this is a major strength as they have established a firm position in the British cereal market. They operate in various markets inside the cereal industry, providing food manufacture, retailing and catering. Bokomo can provide tasty, fresh cereal products any business is looking for, at a very competitive and cost-effective price. British company (although owned by South Africas start Foods) with substantive manufacturing plants in Wellingborough and Peterborough. This means Bokomo has the resources and specialist expertise to offer ludicrous flexible manufacturing and packaging services. Companies needing a brand-newbreakfast cereal raced through New Product Development (NPD) or an innovative production line set up in record time can come home Bokomo. This makes them have an advantage as nowadays there are many organisations looking for branded cereal products. Bokomo is a world-class player, and in order to maintain that status they need world-class facilities. They have two factories in the UK, specifically in Wellingborough and Peterborough.These factories offer them a cut ting-edge manufacturing plant, in other words, the latest, high quality, reliable and sustainable facilities. This leads to the production of high quality products. Food standards are also controlled and supported by SAP business information software, which makes customers feel more confident and secure with the products and services Bokomo delivers. Bokomos experts in the management team and the companys aim of constantly innovating and removing old production facilities has helped them produce large quantities of high quality products very efficiently and to the shortest imaginable lead-times.Their customers know Bokomo as a business that main objectives is to offer high quality products. This has been maintained by using high quality ingredients and top experts in recipe formulation. They are one of only 2 manufactures that produce wheat biscuits in the Northern hemisphere enabled them to have the largest control and knowledge of this production process. Even if Bokomo UK is base d in the United Kingdom, they have also diversified. Geographic market diversification has enabled them to sell in many countries around Europe, Scandinavia and even as far as the United States of the States or the United Arab Emirates5.4.2 WeaknessesBokomo stated youve possibly never heard of us this means that individual customers do not know them as their own branded products is very niche, and they are more specialized in producing in a business to business way. This is a very common flunk for companies that operate Behind the Brand. Constant changing of consumers tastes (opting for cereal bars, nictitation porridge or other breakfast solutions) can be considered a weakness, as its difficult and expensive to innovate and keep up to meet their needs. Difficulties to deal with well known brands cerealsproducts such as Corn Flakes, Crunchy Nut, Special K. ache to create a delicious product that attracts customers quickly and expensive to pass the R&D and marketing. On the oth er hand it can also be considered and opportunity. Negative publicity to which ready-to-eat cereals have been subjected due to their high sugar content5.4.3 OpportunitiesSocial trends are important opportunities for Bokomo. Customers aiming towards healthy living or any other lifestyle changes means there is an opportunity towards which research and operate in. They have achieved and been keeping up to date with this as they have many products related to this trend. Great health benefits, such as products alter the final consumer to control cholesterol levels. Multi-grain flake is another trend and authorization opportunity for Bokomo. Consumers are changing their tastes towards healthier goods, and leaving behind antique sugary confections. Consumers are also increasingly purchasing Branflakes as they are considered to be great for supporting a healthy digestive system. Another trend busier schedules, people are increasingly feeling they have no time to spend on having breakfast and snacks. Bokomo muesli is available to cater for the increasing demand for breakfast on the go.They offer them in bags and boxes, which facilitates the final customer to transport to their work place. This is an example of an opportunity for Bokomo because if they keep-up to date with trends, they will become more efficient and desirable for large retailers to purchase their products, and everyone will benefit form the sales. UK retailers are also focusing on added-value products make for value by introducing natural minerals and vitamins into whole grain wheat and making the final product more healthy and nutritional. Own-label share of the business mix for large supermarket retailers.It is a main direction for Bokomo to go towards to as they can increase considerably their business operations, as the focus is now towards manufacturing own-label and branded products. Bokomo has realized the immense potential for expansion as the large retailers keep increasing the sale of this type of good. One-stop shopping, or shopping in large supermarkets were customers can find any type of product in the same building has beenbeneficial for Bokomo as these businesses are their main clients. If they increase their sales, Bokomo will also benefit from this, as they will sell them more and so increase revenue will mean increase levels of profitability.5.4.4 ThreatsThe cereal industry offers products which are considered to be relatively expensive, which can be easily replaced with simpler breakfast choices such as bread. The financial recession has been a main factor for the decrease in expenditure, specially concerning families, as there are other much cheaper products to replace the cereals and cereal bars. High unemployment has made a substantial impact on the demand for such goods, adversely affecting the demand required to product those goods. Increasing levels of immigration specially in the UK, has meant that they do not have the same culinary cultures and so th ose breakfast products will not satisfy the needs and wants of everyone.5.0 RecommendationsWith the in a higher place analysis it is better for the company to target smaller retailers where their own labeled products wont be affected by competitive brands like Kelloggs, and when they achieve this they should concentrate more on developing their own branded products around the UK. As mentioned above in the SWOT analysis, cereal products are considered to be expensive due to the added value implemented on them so it would be better to decrease these levels of adding value and start off with lower prices, in recession periods.6.0 LimitationsBokomo website allowed us to obtain up-to-date and official information and statistics of the company. The information was limited because the company sold themselves and emphasized on its positive aspects because they have to promote their brand to the consumers. A part from this we also used other sources including, online articles about food ind ustry, which helped us, get an un-biased view of the company and the cereal market as a whole. Thedrawback of using other sources or secondary research was that the methods used were incomprehensible so we examined the most official and valid sources.7.0 ReferencesAskew, K. 2013. Breakfast cereal ar cereal sales going soggy? Online Available at http//www.just-food.com/analysis/are-cereal-sales-in-developed-markets-going-soggy_id123417.aspx Bainbridge, J. 2010. Sector insight Breakfast cereals Marketing Magazine. Online Available at http//www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/990662/sector-insight-breakfast-cereals Bainbridge, J. 2008. Sector Insight Cereal bars Marketing Magazine. Online Available at http//www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/817580/sector-insight-cereal-bars Balchin, A. (1994) Part-time Workers in the Multiple Retail Sector lesser Change from Employment Protection Legislation? Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Iss 7, pp.43 57 BBC News. 2014. UK unemployment rate drops to 7.1%. Online Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25841570 BERKELEY, C. 2013. Cereal companies leverage online marketing to target children with sugary products Berkeley Media Studies Group. Online Available at http//www.bmsg.org/newsroom/news-releases/cereal-companies-leverage-online-marketing-to-target-children-with-sugary-products Bodimeade, M. 2013. UK breakfast cereals market dominated by Kelloggs and Weetabix. Online Available at http//www.companiesandmarkets.com/News/Food-and-Drink/UK-breakfast-cereals-market-dominated-by-Kelloggs-and-Weetabix/NI6602 Bokomo.co.uk. n.d. About Bokomo. Online Available at http//bokomo.co.uk/about Business News Daily (November 22, 2013) PEST Analysis interpretation and Examples, Available at http//www.businessnewsdaily.com/5512-pest-analysis-definition-examples-templates.html Euromonitor.com. 2013. Breakfast Cereals in the United Kingdom. Online Available at http//www.euromonitor.com/breakfast-cereals-in-the-united-kingdom/report Igd.com. 2013. UK Grocery Retailing. Online Available at http//www.igd.com/our-expertise/Retail/retail-outlook/3371/UK-Grocery-Retailing/ Internetretailing.net (March 18, 2014) UK retailers expected to make

Commentary on ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ Essay

In the novel A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennes recover Williams, a motion picture that often catches the attention of readers is the poker facet. It begins when Blanche and Stella re travel from seeing a show too early, not lacking(p) to have been a animal magnetism or a nuisance while the custody played poker. Stanley impolitely dismisses the ladies making sure they know they arent welcome to join in, the tension escalates as does the banter and Stanley whacks Stellas thigh to supplant the discussion. Mitch and Blanche and so attain for the first metre as he exits the bathroom and they are twain immediately taken with each other.The poker games continues to progress and the ladies listen to the radio receiver receiver and gossip about the men, Stanley becomes unnecessarily agitated by the medicinal drug and insists that they turn it collide with. Mitch consequently deals a kick in and leaves to talk to Blanche, he offers a buttocks from a silver case, which he and so continues on to explain the import behind it, being from a girl whom he was at one time manifold with that passed external. They continue to talk and Blanche explains how she was an position teacher and enjoyed her job even though the majority of her students didnt retain much interest in the English curriculum.Then, the real action begins to unfold Blanche turns the radio back on, not apprised of what her actions forget lead up to. Stanley was already at his wits end by the first beat he ordered the radio glowering off and a second provocation would only lead to trouble. The music begins to play Wein, Wein, nur du exclusively(prenominal)ein which translates to Wine, Wine, and you alone giving the reader auditory imagery. I break this ironic, as I believe Blanche is an in denial alcoholic, perhaps the form suggests that the only say she puke really rely on for comfortableness is alcohol.She then begins to dance, waltzing with romantic hand gestures, this gives pro of of her aristocratic and privileged elevation for few of lower standing would know how to waltz. As for the romantic hand gestures, Blanche is utilizing her means of coquettish seduction on Mitch (who seems all too riant to be at the receiving end to her tryst) as she desperately clings to the idea of a stable and supportive relationship with a husband (as well as a source of income and roof over her query).This course of action has Stanley in truth riled up, even more so then before. The first time I read this passage I believed his enkindle to be angry and simply unnecessary, but by putting yourself in his shoes it is practical to visualize where hes coming from. Stanley sees himself as a virile man completely sure of himself and filled to the brim with testosterone.Now immingle that with whiskey, more testosterone, a little friendly competition and the fact that hes losing, its a disaster waiting to happen. Stanley prides himself on his office staff and incorporate of his friends, so when his pleasants start to go south and he begins to loose face among them something he prides himself upon. Its logical to say that his reaction will be harsh to any form of provocation using it as an outlet to his frustration and anger, no egress how unconscionable it was.As Stanley reacts to the radio being played the visual imagery and his disposition becomes wild, animalistic and primordial. He stalks fiercely to the radio, snatches it up, shouts an oath and then throws it out the window. In my opinion Stanley gives off a strong sense of Neanderthal attitudes because his actions are so primal and savage. In the next railway line of products Stella even accuses him of being such stating intoxicated d dallyk animal thing, youI think it is this accusation from Stella that makes Stanley snap, taking his anger and need for violence past the point of no return. Stella was the last suck up in his anger coming to be so severe, because after his friends winnin g more then he, taking some authority and control away form him, his wife then blatantly insulting him in motility of his friends on top of that had to do it. Even in his approach he is like an animal Stanley charges after Stella as if he is predator and she is foredate (which in this scenario it is safe to say was the case).His friends make feeble attempts at soothe Stanley down, toilsome not to anger him further and at the alike(p) time avoiding his wrath being directed towards them. At this point I think Stella knows whats going to happen and her threats of retaliation are empty as she warns You lay your hands on me and Ill as she backs out of the scene with Stanley in pursuit. A cacophony of noises is then heard as Stanley hits Stella and then as if the limelight has been off Blanche for too long she begins to scream and run around. Bringing attention back to herself, it also has to do with the fact that she has neer been put in conditions as such and is useless, thus sh e must muster up some way to give herself the importance she craves so badly.Stanleys men finally step up to restrain him in the throes of the crazed befog of rage he has succumbed to. Even in a condition as his he nearly throws them off giving the reader a varan of the brute force and strength that is Stanley. Then as if hit with an epiphany of groovy importance, realization hits, he surfaces from his delusions all at once he subsides and is hang-up in their grasp. Stella, presumably still in shock and vexation from what has occurred claims that in a high, unnatural voice, out of sight I want to go away, I want to go away whats interesting about this line is that her tone brings us back to Stanleys demeanour before he attacked her, inhuman, actually much like an animal which brings one to call into question that if Stella can react as such that maybe they arent so antithetic from each other in that they can be both very animalistic at times.Mitch is one of the quieter char acters in this play, much more uncommunicative and miles more civilised then any of the other male characters. And after all these things have occurred he finally speaks up, simply stating that Poker shouldnt be played in a house with women Now, what I see hes trying to get across is that all of the preceding conflict and violence is solely to blame upon the fact that women were in the same building in which poker was being played, Surely this faction cannot be so dangerous as to inspire domestic abuse? Mitch is damage on this matter because it is obviously not a dangerous combination it is Stanleys overbearing and easily angered personality that makes the situation so volatile. As I said before, Stanley was just a time flush it waiting to go off it was just a matter of somebody setting him off (in this case, Stella).After all of this has come to pass, Blanche hastily takes Stella up the stairs to the neighbours, Stanley realizes what has happened, that Stella is gone and beco mes frantic. Becoming violent and telling his men to Let go of me, you sons of bitches it is unsure whether he is going to become mad with anger once again. His friends see this and hastily make their way out, not forgetting to reclaim their winnings. Tennessee Williams then uses repetition to enforce Mitchs sexist opinion on the matter by having him state, again, that Poker shouldnt be played in a house with women as if the outcome was unavoidable due to this.Our attention is then taken back to Stanley as he continues through this almost dear and emotional realization that Stella has left him, shortness of breath and crying out for her, this result is brief though and he soon becomes demanding and stubborn with Eunice (the neighbour) in wanting Stella back. When his plight proves useless, its as if hes relapsed back into the desperate, sobbing man he was a moment before, maybe in thought that this is the best course of action to manipulate Stella into returning.An animalistic r eference is do again to Stanley in the description of his actions in that he throws back his head like a baying hound and bellows his wifes recognise Stella Stella, sweetheart, Stella This continues along with more banter with the neighbour until with one last attempt, as if he is back to his normal self, he cries out with heaven-splitting violence STELLL AHHHHH After a moment, Stella emerges and the two come together with an unspoken amount of emotion.This passage is highly intimate and tender, not something that is often witnessed on stage or in books because it takes on such a personal and real feeling. Even as they come together there is still this animosity in the line they came together with low, animal moans. Stanley is a strong symbol of virility, manhood and all that is masculine but as he kneels half-naked and exposed on the pavage outside their house desperately crying out for his wife it makes you wonder if there is more to him then what the reader thinks.It is a dif ficult scene to act out in my opinion because the actor must be enticing and terrifying at the same time. Hence, Stellas unhealthy friendship towards him, even when shouting her name in desperation on the paving material he still remains a dominating force that pulled her towards him. Their reunion at the bottom of the steps is without words purely physical with a hint of tenderness as Stanley carries her back into their flat.What I think Tennessee Williams was trying to make the reader/audience feel when writing this passage was awe and queerness at the same time. Fear from what would happen to the characters, namely Stella from Stanley and curiosity for the same reason. What makes this scene so interesting is the conflicting emotions coming from all of the characters, Blanches seduction of Mitch and need to feel useful, Stellas embarrassment and worship of Stanleys actions, Mitchs defensiveness of Stanleys actions, the other friends wariness if not worry of Stanley and Sta nleys anger and frustration at needing to be in control of the situation at all times. Needless to say, it is an incredibly complex situation, which at the same time remains extremely ironic.

Amending the U.S. Constitution

The constitution is considered as the fundamental law of the land. This holds lawful because it lays down the basic laws that govern governmental activities. It as well as provides the in good orders that every citizen enjoys. In addition, it serves as a guide in the policy-making of the government. Historical accounts get around that certain provisions in the Constitution become necessary depending on the acts of the government. Through time, demands also change, and in meeting these demands, the need for change arises. Thus, the Constitution allows itself to expand by virtue of ratification or amendment.This has been inculcated in condition V of the Constitution which earths the amendment crop. ingrained Amendment Procedure In amending the Constitution, the final cause has to submit to a tough and strenuous process. By virtue of Article V, perfect amendment can be done in two ways and requires the process of object and ratification. The first way of amending the Consti tution is through with(predicate) a proposal emanating from the telling. When Congress wants to give birth amendment, the proposal shall be approved by a two- thirds vote of each house of the Congress (Oatman 9).If the required vote was met, the proposal will be sent to the states for ratification (Oatman 9). In the state legislature, a vote of three- fourths of the states is required for the volunteerd amendment to be ratified. The second way of amending the Constitution is through a proposal coming from the states (Oatman 9). In this method, two- thirds of the states need to agree on inbuilt amendment. When the required number is met, the states will request for Congress to frame-up a Constitution Convention where an amendment will be figured (Vile 1).Three- fourths of the states in the multitude must ratify the proposal before it becomes part of the Constitution. During this process, the Congress specifies either to do it through legislature or through special ratifying c onventions (Vile 1). In whatever of the processes, any state should non be deprived of their right to equal representation, unless they prevail consented to it (Vile 1). From the Constitutional amendment processes provided, it can be inferred that such entails mass and strong common agreement on the proposal.In addition, in each process, the federal official official government plays a vital role. Thus, the Constitution itself is federal in disposition (Vile 1). Reasons for Establishing the Methods for Amending the Constitution Prevention of do by of power is one among the reasons for adopting the above say procedures. When Article V was being deliberated in Congress, George Mason perceived that abuse of power may result if the consent or the power to propose amendment be left alone with the Congress (Labunski 127).On the other hand, if the power to propose is granted to the states alone, they may also abuse their power, and Congress will perplex no way to interfere. Thus, t he deliberation ended with participation of both federal and state legislature. Another reason is the prevention of other amendment processes that involve strength and chance which happened during the British era (Vile 2). Through the processes recognized by the Constitution, any proposed amendment will deal to pass an an at large(p), regular and Constitutional way (Vile 2).Thus, the open Constitutional amendment was meant to preclude abuse, violence, and by chance procedure in amending the Constitution. sure-fire Amendments The 13th Amendment Among the successful and popular proposed amendment is 13th Amendment which states Neither slavery nor unvoluntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any graze subject to their jurisdiction (Constitutional Amendments).The said amendment further states Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation (Constituti onal Amendments). The amendment was proposed on January 31, 1865 and was ratified on December 6, 1865 by both jointure and South states of America (Constitutional Amendments). The impact of the amendment was overwhelming as it was as useful tool in eradicating slavery in the country. Moreover, it grants the Congress to conk laws to enforce the first part of the amendment.Unsuccessful Proposed Amendments ERA There are also several proposals which did not pass ratification, such as the Equal Rights Amendment or ERA which was intended to establish equality of men and women (Constitutional Amendments). condescension its zealous purpose, the proposal was not ratified because the number of states that approved it was not met before the deadline, even if it has been extended (Constitutional Amendments). It seems that several states were unwilling to picture equality among men and women in the Constitution.Perhaps, the proposal failed because of its impending threat to the authorizatio n of men. Based on the above stated, it can be clearly conclude that amending the Constitution is not an easy task. Moreover, Constitutional amendment entails the participation of all levels, from state to federal government, because of the public interest that proposals raise. Furthermore, the required vote is abundant decent to strongly establish the willingness of the majority. Conclusion The process of amending the Constitution is not an easy task, nor is the process simple.A state that wishes to make amendments passes a strenuous procedure which starts from petitioning the Congress for a convention to ratification. The convention will not be create if the states fail to meet the required number of states. On the other hand, the Congress, choose separately, has to meet also the required number in order to make proposals. The Congress then passes the proposals to the states for ratification. Hence, in amending the Constitution, regardless of the proponent or get-go of the pr oposal, both the state and federal governments are involved. Works CitedConstitutional Amendments 2008. US Constitution Online. 20 August 2008 . Labunski, Richard, E. James Madison and the Struggle for the top of Rights And the Struggle for the Bill of Rights. New York Oxford University Press US, 2006. Oatman, Eric. Amending the Constitution. Pelham, NY Benchmark Education Company, 2006. Vile, John, R. Constitutional Change in the United States A Comparative Study of the theatrical role of Constitutional Amendments, Judicial Interpretations, and Legislative and Executive Actions. London Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994.

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Sport Obermeyer Ltd. To Wally Obermeyer From 341 Consulting Group Date Re Production Process line of work Sport Obermeyer Ltd has quite a few difficultys at the moment that kibosh from a lack of streamlining of its operations. One of the problems that the skiwear manufacturer reliablely faces is hire hesitation and how to measure it considering the disparate opines the buying committee members accept come up with. In addition, the long go- propagation for the outturn process becomes forecasting even more than than difficult.The second issue for Sport Obermeyer is determining how to allocate production in the midst of the factories in Hong Kong and chinaware. Conclusion and Recommendation In finished forecasting is a major problem facing Sport Obermeyer, which has been addressed in Appendices A and B. concomitant A shows how much should be produced in Hong Kong given the assumption that in that respect is no limit to the capacity however, we have been asked to commen t only on the initial order quantity, and non the reorder quantity.In keeping with this constraint, and habit the forecasts given by all the committee members, we believe that Appendix B is an accurate representation of the amount of each style that should be produced in Hong Kong. It should be noted that this is only a short-term solution to the problem and the model itself must be looked at. For more consistent, accurate forecasts, a dull average method should be utilise to give those committee members who have been most accurate in the past more importance, instead of exploitation a simple moving average.As long lead times contribute to the difficulty in forecasting demand, Sport Obermeyer should attempt to descend lead times for its production. One of the root issues causing the length of lead time is the number of SKUs, as well as the variety of components used in their production. Simplifying the product line would involve stopping production of those products with the to the lowest degree demand, reducing suppliers as well as altering designs so that they deal as many of the same components as doable.Using the demand forecast for the 10 womens parkas in Appendix B, there atomic number 18 lead products, which have forecasted demands of less than 357, after which the demand spikes up. By removing the bottommost products, Stephanie, Teri, Isis would be deleted, which would allow for a shorter lead time. Sport Obermeyer should also introduce an merged computerized system connecting all the different supply chain links. This would help compress the time spent processing orders and make more efficient use of the raw materials.A combination of actions mentioned above can help make a significant change in the forecasting process and go away allow Sport Obermeyer to make full use of its existing capacity. The caller-up plans to source products roughly 50% from China and the other 50% from Hong Kong factories this year is attainable. However, our recommendation is to assign products to Hong Kong and China factories based on quality and design. agree to Appendix C, the cost difference when comparing 19 parkas produced at two factories is not significant but the Hong Kong factory is much more efficient.The products in Hong Kong are of a higher quality, require lower repair rates, and are produced twice as fast as those produced in the Chinese factory. other advantage to the factory in Hong Kong is the minimum order quantity of 600 units, which provides the anxiety with more flexibility in terms of determining their initial production requests. Lower quality products should be produced in the Chinese factory to extend advantage of their low labor costs. Evaluation Criteria The main goal of the recommendations is to streamline Sport Obermeyers business processes.One of the most important criteria is the rush of the planning and production cycle. Any alternative that can reduce this time, from its current threshold of appro ximately two years, should be strongly considered. With regards to market share, capital of South Carolina Sportswear is gaining market share by providing lower-priced, higher-volume-per-style products. Sport Obermeyer needs to study and cut costs, and streamline its number of SKUs to achieve market dominance. It positions itself as a middle to high end producer, and the quality level should continue to be taken into consideration when looking to cut costs.Alternatives With regards to the inaccurate forecasts, Obermeyer could analyze the demand for its products based on an advanced showing prior to the one in Vegas and compare it with actual purchases. While this alternative can potentially be implemented, its effectiveness and reliability would be unknown. Simplifying the product lines would have a more direct and immediate impact on the lead times. Another possible alternative would be to start producing the products with the most predictable demand in advance.However, before imp lementing this change, Sport Obermeyer should focus on making overall accurate demand forecasts based on the newly recommended weighted average method. Implementation. Our instruction execution process will begin immediately with Wendy Hemphill researching the specifications for an integrated computerized system that mark the supply chain structure of the company. Because of the complex nature of such a excogitate, Sport Obermeyer would have to invest in such a project in November 1992, to begin use in February of the year of completion.In January 1993, the buying Committee should implement the weighted-average forecasting method to analyze product demand. Since this is not a large change form the simple moving average, it should be used to find the forecasted demand for 1993. The following month, the SKUs should be reviewed based on the forecast created to consider which product lines to drop. This will be a inactive process, beginning with the deletion of a minimum number of p roducts. In whitethorn 1993, the Buying Committee should allocate different product styles between Hong Kong and China based on quality. This can be seen in Appendix D.

Biblical Worldview Essay

Biblical worldview which merchant ship also be delivererian worldview refers to the framework of ideas and beliefs through and through which a Christian individual, group or culture interprets the world and interacts with it. It is how one perceives the world through their Christian view. The world view force the choices one may obligate through by spiritedness and is based on our principles and ideas. Leadership for trans machinateation The impact of a Christian worldview states that But worldviews atomic number 18 also ways of life, for beliefs designate us, values guide us, and principles motivate us to certain kinds of action and behavior. there ar many things in life that helps us shape our worldview in todays society. Romans chapters 1-8 gives us vital in compriseation regarding identity, kinds, culture, and about the indispensable world. Natural world was created by beau ideal through his words. I take and feel in my heart that God is the creator of heaven and com monwealth and all things that exist.The article states that God is Creator, unseen but not without witness, beyond comprehension but not unknowable, powerful but not impersonal, and granting immunity granting but not controlling. In Romans 120 For the invisible things of him from the beingness of the world be clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead so that they are without excuse. God created day and night, he is responsible for the sun that shines in the day and the synodic month that is bight at night. He created men and women in the image of his similitude and with a purpose and plan. He created us so that we can form an intimate relationship with him. I also, believe that God created us in the natural world as breakners, and his son Jesus Christ was send here to save us from our sins. Human Identity is based on our relationship that we form with God. Jeremiah 15 Before I organize thee in the belly I knew thee and be forehand thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophesier unto the nations.From the day that we were created it was for Gods purpose and plan for our lives. Once you accept Christ into your life you can then began to see your identity, it is based on our calling from the Lord. With Christ in your life you will see life in a whole different perspective. In Romans it talks about how our identity is grow deeply in our commitment to God. For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God (Romans 814, KJV). So with that being said our identity is based on our relationship we bear with God, not by our environment or surroundings. Romans teaches usabout how we should conduct our human relationships. Sometimes human relationships are the most difficult and hardest to funding in order. In Romans the first chapter 29th verse. It explains how we are filled with unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness fu ll of envy, murder, deceit, malignity whispers. Romans shows us that we are all full of sin and we moldiness turn to God and have a relationship with him, before we can have form human relationships.When you have a relationship with God you can learn how to treat others and respect others. Romans 1210 Be kindly affectionate one to another with brotherly honey in honour preferring one another. When you help and be a call forth to others, God will bless you abundantly. When we are unfaithful to God we sack the risk of affecting our human relationships. Being that we were created in Gods image it is only right that we love each other as God loves us. According to John Valk article all humans are to be treated with dignity and respect regardless of their situation or station in life. Romans also had messages containing culture in its scriptures. Romans 116 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. God is not a God of color, or culture it is for anyone who believes in God and follow his commandments.D. Kim article states that we assume that moral philosophy is culturally relative, that ideas and beliefs emerge historically by cultural forces, and are not right or wrong in any final sense. antithetical cultures have different beliefs, but in Romans it speaks of only believing in the word of God. Romans tells us the God does not save according to cultures, he saves by people believing and having faith. So, now after the knowledge I received from reading Romans is that I have to trust and believe in God, no matter what culture Im from. In purpose after we have learned that Romans Is immense and detailed. It gives us information for our salvation. That zippo in our lives or without God or by accident. It teaches us that we must believe in God to know and understand or identity, to form our human relationships, and understand that culture does not exist when you believe in God. I am so glad that God saw check off to send his only begotten so that we can be deliver from our sins.BIBLIOGRAPHYKim, David. & McCalman, David. (2012). Journal of business ethics The sacred/secular divide and the Christian worldview, Vol. 109 2 203-208 Valk, J. (2010), Leadership for transformation The impact of a Christian worldview. J Leadership Studies, 4 83-86. doi 10. 1002

Consumer Behaviour Essay

Consumers make some another(prenominal) an(prenominal) purchasing decisions every day, and the purchasing decision is the focal point of the marketers effort. Most large companies research consumer buying decisions in great period to answer questions about what consumers buy, where they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy. Marketers fag end study true consumer purchases to find out what they buy, where, and how much. But learning about the whys of consumer buying look is not so easythe answers are often locked doubtful at bottom the consumers approximation.Often, consumers themselves dont know exactly what functions their purchases. The human mind doesnt work in a linear way, says one merchandising expert. The idea that the mind is a computer with storage compartments where brands or parole or recognizable packages are stored in clearly marked folders that stinker be accessed by cleverly written ads or commercials simply doesnt exist. Instead , the mind is a whirling, swirling, jumbled mass of neurons bouncing around, colliding and continuously creating spick-and-span concepts and thoughts and relationships inside every single persons brain all over the world.The central question for marketers is as follows How do consumers respond to assorted selling efforts the company might use? The starting point is the stimulus-response model of buyer behavior shown in Figure 5.1. This figure shows that marketing and different stimuli enter the consumers calamitous box and produce certain responses. Marketers moldiness figure out what is in the buyers black box. marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps product, price, place, and promotion. Other stimuli include major forces and events in the buyers environment economic, technological, political, and heathen. All these inputs enter the buyers black box, where they are turned into a set of buyer responses the buyers brand and company relationship behavior and what he or she b uys, when, where, and how often.Marketers want to understand how the stimuli are changed into responses inside the consumers black box, which has deuce parts. First, the buyers characteristics influence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. Second, the buyers decision process itself presumes his or her behavior. We look first at buyer characteristics as they affect buyer behavior and then discuss the buyer decision process.many levels of factors affect our buying behaviorfrom broad cultural and well-disposed influences to motivations, beliefs, and attitudes lying deep within us. For example, why did you buy that ad hoc cell phone? Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics, as shown in Figure 5.2. For the most part, marketers cannot control such factors, but they must take them into account.Cultural FactorsCultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behavior. Marketers need to underst and the role played by the buyers culture, stand inculture, and social class.CultureCulture is the most introductory cause of a persons wants and behavior. Human behavior is for the most part learned. Growing up in a society, a child learns prefatory values, perceptions, wants, and behaviors from his or her family and other important institutions. A child in the coupled States normally learns or is exposed to the following values achievement and success, individualism, freedom, intempe ordinate work, activity and involvement, efficiency and practicality, material comfort, youthfulness, and fitness and health. Every group or society has a culture, and cultural influences on buying behavior whitethorn vary greatly from country to country. A failure to adjust to these differences can result in ineffective marketing or embarrassing mistakes.Subculture separately culture contains smaller subcultures, or groups of people with shared value systems establish on common life experiences and situations. Subcultures include nationalities, religions, racial groups, and geographic regions. Many subcultures make up important market ingredients, and marketers often design products and marketing programs tailored to their needs. Examples of four such important subculture groups include Hispanic American, African American, Asian American, and mature consumers.Hispanic American ConsumersThe nations virtually 50 one million million million Hispanic consumers nonplus an annual buying role of to a greater extent than $950 billion, a figure that will grow to an estimated $1.4 trillion by 2013. Hispanic consumer spending has grown at more than twice the rate of general-market spending over the past four years.Although Hispanic consumers share many characteristics and behaviors with the mainstream buying pubic, there are also distinct differences. They tend to be deeply family oriented and make shitping a family affair children thrust a big say in what brands they buy. Perhaps more important, Hispanic consumers, particularly first-generation immigrants, are very brand loyal, and they favor brands and sellers who show fussy interest in them.African American ConsumersWith an annual buying precedent of $913 billion, estimated to reach $1.2 trillion by 2013, the nations 42 million African American consumers also attract much marketing attention. The U.S. black population is growing in affluence and sophistication. Although more price certified than other segments, blacks are also strongly motivated by character and selection. Brands are important. So is shopping. minatory consumers seem to enjoy shopping more than other groups, even for something as mundane as groceries. In late years, many companies devote developed supererogatory products, appeals, and marketing programs for African American consumers.For example, P&Gs roots run deep in this market. P&G has long been the leader in African American advertising, spending or so twice as much a s the second-place spender. It has a long history of using black spokespeople in its ads, beginning in 1969 with entertainer Bill Cosby endorsing Crest. Today, youll see Angela Bassett promoting the benefits of Olay body lotion for black skin, Derek Jeter discussing the virtues of Gillette razors and deodorant, and Queen Latifah in commercials promoting a Cover Girl line for women of color. In addition to handed-down product marketing efforts, P&G also supports a broader My Black Is Beautiful movement.Asian American ConsumersAsian Americans are the most luxuriant U.S. demographic segment. They now number nearly 15 million and maintain more than $500 billion in annual spending power, pass judgment to reach $750 billion in 2013. They are the second fastest-growing population sub segment after Hispanic Americans. And like Hispanic Americans, they are a diverse group. Chinese Americans constitute the largest group, followed by Filipinos, Asian Indians, Vietnamese, Korean Americans, and Nipponese Americans. Asian consumers may be the most tech-savvy segment more than 90 portion of Asian Americans go online regularly and are most homely with Internet technologies such as online banking.As a group, Asian consumers shop frequently and are the most brand conscious of all the heathen groups. They can be fiercely brand loyal. As a result, many firms are now targeting the Asian American market, companies like State Farm, McDonalds, Verizon, Toyota, and Wal-Mart. For example, among its many other Asian American targeting efforts, McDonalds has built a special Web site for this segment (www.myinspirasian.com), offered in both English and Asian languages. The fun and involving, community-oriented site highlights how McDonalds is working with and serving the Asian American community.Mature ConsumersAs the U.S. population ages, mature consumers are becoming a very attractive market. By 2015, when all the baby boomers will be 50-plus, people ages 50 to 75 will account f or 40 percent of adult consumers. By 2030, adults ages 65 and older will represent nearly 20 percent of the population. And these mature consumer segments boast the most expendable cash.The 50-plus consumer segment now accounts for nearly 50 percent of all consumer spending, more than any current or previous generation. They have 2.5 times the discretionary buying power of those ages 18 to 34. As one marketing executive puts it, they have assets, not allowances. Despite some financial setbacks resulting from the recent economic crisis, mature consumers remain an attractive market for companies in all industries, from pharmaceuticals, furniture, groceries, beauty products, and fit out to consumer electronics, travel and entertainment, and financial services. genial FactorsA consumers behavior also is influenced by social factors, such as the consumers small groups, family, and social roles and status.Social classRelatively permanent and ordered divisions in a society whose members s hare similar values, interests, and behaviors.GroupTwo or more people who interact to accomplish individual or mutual goals.Groups and Social NetworksMany small groups influence a persons behavior. Groups that have a direct influence and to which a person belongs are called social station groups. In contrast, reference groups serve as direct (face-to-face) or verifying points of comparison or reference in forming a persons attitudes or behavior. People often are influenced by reference groups to which they do not belong. For example, an aspirational group is one to which the individual wishes to belong, as when a spring chicken basketball player hopes to someday emulate basketball star LeBron pack and play in the NationalBasketball Association (NBA)Marketers try to strike the reference groups of their target markets. Reference groups expose a person to new-fashioned behaviors and lifestyles, influence the persons attitudes and selfconcept, and create pressures to conform that may affect the persons product and brand choices. The importance of group influence varies across products and brands. It tends to be strongest when the product is visible to others whom the buyer respects.